英文文献泛读心得体会总结 英文文献泛读心得体会总结怎么写(8篇)

sample:

dear professor michael hutchison,

we are very glad to hear that you are attending an international conference in beijing. we are writing this letter to inquiry the possibility of inviting you to deliver a lecture on american literature for our postgraduate students on the evening of june 16.

we have long been noticed that you have done a lot of substantial and creative work in this field. two of your books have become textbooks for our students for several years. so all of us believe your lecture will benefit our students and teaching staff alike.

if you can manage to come, please tell us the number of your flight and we will meet you at the airport. if you can’t make it, please also let us know.

we are looking forward to your coming.

sincerely yours,

li ming

邀请函范文 | 邀请函模板 | 邀请函格式 | 邀请函设计 | 邀请函图片 | 英文邀请函

邀请函范文 | 邀请函模板 | 邀请函格式 | 邀请函设计 | 邀请函图片 | 英文邀请函

描写英文文献泛读心得体会总结六

在撰写毕业论文的文章时，我们在文中都要提及他人的研究成果或某人的观点，这个过程通常被称为引用或参考。对于留学生来说，一篇毕业论文的内容需要包括留学期间所有学科的主要知识点，甚至会引用一些学术比较深的相关专业的作者文献，从中提取对文章最有论证的内容做参考说明。

因为这样，导师能够发现文章到底是研究并解决什么问题？哪些问题虽然重要但目前仍解决不了的？可能的前景是什么等等，从而从侧面说明学生是站在一个什么样的高度，以什么为参照对象做研究方向的。这恰恰可以考察学生对大量参考文献的理解之后是否有一个比较敏锐的总结能力。

在国外，留学生提交的毕业格式都有明确的要求，否则将不予通过，甚至做严肃处理。因此，参考文献要求正确、准确地使用，不能把别人的成果据为己有，更不能随意更改。对于引用的文章内容，要忠实原文，不可推断，也不能前后矛盾或随意拼凑。

下面是以哈佛体系为例来做介绍：

哈佛参考文献注释体系起源于美国，20世纪50、60年代开始流行，尤其在物理学和自然科学研究领域使用最多，近年来社会科学中也开始流行。经过几十年的发展，哈佛体系已成为一种国际性的学术规范，因为它具备了灵活、简洁和清楚的一种国际性的论文写作规范。

如简单的介绍几种注释规范做一些介绍：

1、在文中引用处的注释规范 当作者姓名在句子中自然出现时，给出作者姓和出版年份，将出版年份放在小括号内，当作者姓名不在句子中自然出现时，姓和出版年份都放在括号中。如果在文中直接引用其他作者原话且引文不超过两行刚直接插入文本中，也可以用单引号也可用双引号，只要全文一致即可。还要在恰当的位置给出作者姓和出版年份以及页码。

2、 在文后参考书目处的注释规范 所有参考书目以作者姓名的字母顺序排列，一个作者有多本著作时，则按年份先后排列顺序，一个作者一年内有多本著作出版或论文发表，在年份后按月份先后加小写字母加以区别，这样做的好处是：只有一个按字母顺序排列的参考书目，便于老师查阅。

3、英文脚注规范 尽管哈佛体系不主张使用脚注，但很多毕业留学生还是采用，其方法是在文中引用数字表明序号，在当前页下方用一条线与正文隔开，按每页上注释顺序逐一做注。

在学生毕业论文最后结束部分参考文献的注释规范前后都要保持一致的，这样让导师一浏览就会有一个不错的印象。即使是哈佛体系，在使用时也要保持使用规范的一致性，对于注释内容，最基本的一条是必须有注释，否则，就不仅仅是学术规范问题，而是学术道德问题了。

描写英文文献泛读心得体会总结七

英文释义:by means of , by reason of this

中文译词:特此,因此,兹

用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。

语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.

例1：

the employer hereby covenants to pay the contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the works and the remedying of defects therein the contract price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the contract.

参考译文:

业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。

注释:

(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此

(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同

(3)completion of the works: 工程的竣工

(4)therein: in the works在本工程中

(5)the contract price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价

(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which

(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照

(8)the provisions of the contract: terms and conditions of the contract合同条款

例2：

we hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.

注释：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知

（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明

（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中

（5）documentary proof：证明文件

参考译文：

特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。

例3：

this contract is hereby made and concluded by and between co. (hereinafter referred to as party a) and co. (hereinafter referred to as party b) on (date), in (place), china, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.

注释：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）hereinafter referred to as party a：以下称甲方

（3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基础上

（4）through amicable consultation：通过友好协商

参考译文：

本合同双方， 公司（以下称甲方）与 公司（以下称乙方），在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，于 年 月 日在中国 （地点），特签订本合同。

例4：

this agreement is hereby made and entered into on (date), by and between co. china (hereinafter referred to as party a) and co. (hereinafter referred to as party b).

注释：

（1）this agreement is hereby made and entered into：特此订立本协议 在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词：sign (make, conclude or enter into) this agreement, 按照同义词连用的写作特点，可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示）。

（2）hereinafter referred to as party b：以下简称乙方

参考译文：

本协议特由中国 公司（以下简称甲方）与 公司（以下简称乙方）于 年 月 日订立。

英文释义: of this

中文译词:关于此点；在本文件中

用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的??”时，使用该词。例如表示本合同条件、条款时，可以说“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this contract”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“any parts hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this works”。 语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。

hereof和thereof的区别：hereof强调“of this”。例如，上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the contract；“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the works。

例1

whether the custom of the port is contrary to this clause or not, the owner of the goods shall, without interruption, by day and night, including sundays and holidays (if required by the carrier), supply and take

delivery of the goods. provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.

注释：

（1） whether the custom of the port is contrary to this clause or not：不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，whether? or not：不论??是否

（2） the owner of the goods：货方

（3） without interruption：无间断地

（4） carrier：承运人

（5） in default on the provisions hereof：违反本款规定 hereof：of this clause

参考译文：

不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货方都应昼夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承运人需要），无间断地提供和提取货物。货方对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。

例2

foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.

注释：

（1） foreign trade dealers：对外贸易经营者

（2） as mentioned in this law：本法所称

（3） the provisions hereof：the provisions of this law 本法规定

（4） legal entity：法人

（5） be engaged in foreign trade dealings：从事对外贸易经营活动 参考译文：

本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。

例3

the establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with the conditions and provisions of this law. a company complying with the conditions and provisions hereof may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares. provided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in question shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.

注释：

（1）a limited liability company：有限责任公司

（2）a company limited by shares：股份有限公司

（3）provisions hereof：本法规定 hereof: of this law

（4）may be registered as：登记为

参考译文：

设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，必须符合本法规定的条件。符合本法规定的条件的，登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法规定的条件的，不

得登记为有限责任公司或股份有限公司。

例4

if, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator, another arbitrator shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be selected or appointed. 注释：

（1） as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons：回避或者其它原因

（2） arbitrator：仲裁员

（3） the provisions hereof：the provisions of this law 本法规定

（4） be selected or appointed：选定或指定

参考译文：

仲裁员因回避或者其它(转 载于: 博 威范文 网:<>)原因不能履行职责的，应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员。

例5

in the event of conflict between the provisions on arbitration formulated and prepared prior to the effective date of this law and the provisions of this law, the provisions hereof shall prevail.

注释：

（1） conflict：相抵触

（2） prior to the effective date of this law：本法施行前

（3） the provisions hereof shall prevail：以本法为准 hereof：of this law 参考译文：

本法施行前制定的有关仲裁的规定与本法的规定相抵触的，以本法为准。 例6

where, in accordance with laws, the circumstance(s) specified in article 15 and article 16 of this law is /are confirmed, the organization with compensatory obligations shall pay compensation in any of the circumstance in question.

where the claimant for compensation demands the confirmation of one of the circumstances specified in article 15 and article 16 hereof, and the demanded organization refuses to make the confirmation, the claimant shall have the right to lodge a complaint. where the claimant claims compensation, the claim, shall, first, be lodged to the organization for compensatory obligations.

the provisions of article 10, article 11 and article 12 hereof shall apply to/ in the procedures of compensation.

注释：

（1） the organization with compensatory obligations：赔偿义务机关

（2） shall pay compensation：应当给予赔偿

（3） the claimant for compensation：赔偿请求人

（4） article 15 and article 16 hereof：本法第十五条、第十六条 hereof：of this law

（5） shall have the right to lodge a complaint：有权申诉

（6） claims compensation：要求赔偿

（7） apply to/ in：适用 more examples: the comment applies equally here. /that argument does not apply in this case. /that applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we see about. /these remarks apply to every town in this kingdom. /the rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 参考译文：

赔偿义务机关对依法确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定的情形之一的，应当给予赔偿。

赔偿请求人要求确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定情形之一的，被要求的机关不予确认的，赔偿请求人有权申诉。赔偿请求人要求赔偿，应当先向赔偿义务机关提出。赔偿程序适用本法第十条、第十一条、第十二条的规定。

例7

if an arbitrator involved in one of circumstances specified in item 4, article 34 of this law, and if it is serious, or those specified in item 6, article 58 hereof, the arbitrator in question shall, in accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility. the arbitration commission shall remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators.

注释：

（1） arbitrator：仲裁员

（2） article 58 hereof：本法第五十八条 hereof：of this law

（3） bear the legal liability and responsibility：承担法律责任

（4） the arbitration commission：仲裁委员会

（5） remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators：将其除名

参考译文：

仲裁员有本法第三十四条第四项规定的情形，情节严重的，或者有本法第五十八条第六项规定的情形的，应当依法承担法律责任，仲裁委员会应当将其除名。 例8

if, pursuant to this law, the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals fail to grant approval to such an application as meets the requirements and provisions hereof, or the company registration authorities fail to register a company whose application meets the requirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance with laws, apply for reconsideration or bring an administrative suit.

注释：

（1） the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals：履行审批职责的有关主管部门

（2） meets the requirements and provisions hereof：符合本法条件

（3） the company registration authorities：负责公司登记的主管部门

（4） the requirements hereof：本法条件 hereof: of this law

（5） apply for reconsideration：申请复议

（6） bring an administrative suit：提起行政诉讼

描写英文文献泛读心得体会总结八

外贸经纪人佣金合同

commission agreement of foreign trade agents

甲方：（生产厂家）______________________________

乙方：（中间人）_______________________________

party a: (manufacturer)______________________________

party b: (intermediary )_______________________________

根据《中华人民共和国合同法》和有关法律法规的规定，乙方接受甲方的委托，为甲方产品开拓海外市场，双方经协商一致，签订本合同。

according to "people's republic of china contract law" and the provisions of relevant laws and regulations, party a hereby appoints party b to develop overseas market. both parties have agreed to sign this agreement.

第一条：委托事项

1. the entrusted matters

甲方委托乙方发展海外市场为甲方营销其产品。

party a hereby appoints party b to develop overseas market and promote its products.

第二条：委托事项的具体要求

2. obligation

（1） 甲方应保证所生产产品的合法性及保证产品质量。

party a shall ensure the legality of the products and ensure product quality.

（2） 甲方与海外客商交易的具体价格、交货方式、支付方式等由甲方与海外客商双方协商约定。

all the trade terms including price, payment term, delivery, etc are negotiated by party a and customers.

（3）甲方应严格按国家的“fob、 c&f或 cif条款”执行与海外客商所签定的合同。

party a shall be in strict accordance with the " fob, c & f or cif terms in the contracts.

（4）乙方承诺每年给甲方介绍______美元的销售额。

party b promise that the turnover will be more than usd ______ per year through party b.

（5）乙方应协助甲方回收全额货款及提供最新的市场信息。

party b should assist party a to receive the full payment as per the sales contracts.

party b will provide the market information to party a.

（6）乙方不能将甲方营业范围内的海外客户关系泄露给第三方，否则甲方会按盗窃公司机密对乙方提起公诉。

party b should not disclose the customer information to a third party. otherwise party a will indict party b.

第三条：佣金的计算、给付方式、给付时间

3. rate of commission, payment term

（1） 甲方同意按每笔合同成交总额（扣除税金，运费和货代的费用）的______支付佣金给乙方。

party a will agree to pay ______ of the total turnover of each contract - deducting taxes and the freight- to party b.

（2） 给付方式及时间：

payment term

在甲方收到合同金额全款后14天内一次性付给乙方。

party a will pay 100% commission within 14 days upon receiving the full payment from customer.

第四条：违约责任

4. liability

甲方若不按本合同第三条的（2）执行，逾期一天应支付乙方滞纳金，滞纳金系数为：总佣金的5‰/天。

if party a does not follow (2) of section 3, party a have to pay the overdue fine. the amount is 5 ‰ of the total commission per day.

第五条：协议仲裁

5. agreement arbitration

双方如果发生纠纷，可凭此合同向甲方所在仲裁机构进行。in the event of dispute, both parties can present to arbitration court from party a’s place.

第六条：本合同未尽事宜双方协商解决。

6. changes.

any changes of terms relating to this agreement must be done in a written form, and agreed upon by both parties.

现行协议条款的修改必须经协议双方授权人书面签字方能生效。

第七条：特别约定。

special clause

本合同一式肆份双方各执贰份具有同等法律效用。中英文版本如有冲突，以中文版本为准。 this agreement has been drawn up in four identical copies, of which two copies for each party. the chinese version of these terms and conditions shall prevail wherever there is a discrepancy between the english and chinese versions. 第八条：履行

implementation

本合同双方签字盖章即为有效。

whilst signature on this agreement certifies the intention of both parties to the agreement, the terms of this agreement shall become binding upon both parties only at such time as the following have been complied with, in writing.

第九条：同意签字人agreement signatories

下面签约的各方接受本合同中的所有条款.

in witness thereof, the parties have signed below and by doing so have accepted and approved all covenants, terms and conditions of this agreement.

---------------------------- -----------------------

签名盖章

签订日期

signing date: 签名盖章