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智能合约文献综述范文范本 智能合约论文(三篇)

格式:DOC 上传日期:2023-01-11 03:09:27 页码:9
智能合约文献综述范文范本 智能合约论文(三篇)
2023-01-11 03:09:27    小编:ZTFB

每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?以下是小编为大家收集的优秀范文,欢迎大家分享阅读。

最新智能合约文献综述范文范本一

面对信息发展的新时代,利用云计算、大数据、物联网、移动互联网、人工智能等信息技术,不断改善中小学信息技术基础设施,营造网络化、数字化、个性化、终身化的智慧教育环境,扩大优质资源覆盖面,推进信息技术与教育教学、管理的深度融合,提高教育教学质量,提升教育治理水平,促进教育公平和优质均衡发展,培养具有较高思维品质和较强实践能力的创新型人才。

坚持以人为本。智慧校园建设要以服务为导向,要为教师、学生、家长和社会公众提供优质的信息化环境和资源服务,提高学生信息素养、创新思维和实践能力,促进教师专业发展、提高教育质量,提升育人水平。

坚持应用驱动。智慧校园建设要坚持以问题为导向、以应用为核心,从学校发展、师生发展、教育改革发展的实际需求出发,统筹规划、分步实施、有序推进。要通过深化应用释放信息技术对教育教学、管理和服务的促进作用,以应用驱动各项建设工作。

坚持融合创新。智慧校园建设要进一步深化信息技术与教育教学和管理的融合创新,不断提升教育信息化的效能。要强化信息技术对教育教学改革的服务与支撑,聚焦教育改革发展过程中困扰教学、管理的核心问题和难点问题,以创新促发展,推动教育理念、教育服务供给方式、教育教学模式和学习方式的变革。

坚持示范引领。智慧校园建设要坚持统筹规划、以点带面、示范引领、分步实施。各地要根据实际情况,在智慧教育环境提升、数字资源共建共享、融合创新及人才培养等方面形成创新性、示范性应用案例,建设具有本地特点的智慧校园。充分发挥示范辐射作用,推动全省中小学智慧校园建设水平的整体提升。

智慧校园围绕智慧环境、数字资源、信息素养、融合创新、支撑保障、特色发展六个方面开展建设。

(一)智慧环境

1.校园网络。利用互联网、移动互联网、物联网等信息技术升级改造校园网络环境,进一步提升宽带网络校校通水平,千兆进校、百兆进班。无线网络覆盖主要教学、办公、生活等场所。支持视频点播、电视直播,电视电话会议及语音、图像等各类信息的多媒体运用。采用智能化设备对装备使用情况进行自动追踪、管理和控制。长沙航天和一电子公司专业生产销售有线高清数字电视、iptv网络互动电视、卫星电视系统工程设备。

⒉信息终端。拥有支撑教学、学习和交互的智能终端及配套设备,满足信息化环境下教学科研和学习活动需求。建有智能卡系统,提供校内消费、图书借阅、门禁管理、考勤管理、宿舍管理、访客管理等应用服务。学校主要公共服务区域(图书馆、活动室、行政楼、食堂、宿舍等)配置公用信息终端,为师生提供各类信息化服务。

3.智慧教室。教室配置多媒体交互设备,建设支持网络教学研究的录播教室、支持教学行为数据采集和分析的智慧教室和学习体验中心。能实现教室、电子设备的集中智能化管控。依托区域教育云和教学资源平台、智能学科辅助工具以及在线学习社区等,实现课堂教学云端一体化。

4.信息安全。建立网络信息安全制度,根据实际需要配备网络安全设备,配置防火墙、入侵检测系统、防病毒系统、漏洞扫描系统、有害信息过滤系统和web应用防火墙等网络安全系统。配备统一上网管理系统,定期开展网络与信息安全等保测评工作,确保网络和信息安全。

5.智能安防。智能安防系统覆盖学校主要场所,与区域行政部门数据同步,与当地公安部门安全防范系统互联互通。能实现校园视频监控、入侵报警、紧急呼叫求助报警、电子巡更、学生出入控制、访客管理、消防报警、紧急广播与疏散等智能化安防管理。

(二)数字资源

1.资源开发。通过自建、引进、合作、共享等多种方式配备学生学习资源、教师教学资源、教师专业发展与教育科研资源和数字校本特色资源。电子期刊、电子图书、视频和音频等数字资源能满足教学、科研和教师进修、学生成长的需要。

2.资源应用。实现优质资源班班通,教师能有效运用优质资源开展课堂教学,能通过网络学习空间开展备课授课、家校互动、网络研修、学习指导。学生能通过网络学习空间进行预习、作业、自测、拓展阅读、网络选修课等学习活动。

3.资源共享。建立资源共建共享机制,实现校内教学资源共建共享,并通过教育资源平台实现网络课程或特色资源区域共享,鼓励师生在教育资源平台展示、共享优秀数字资源。

(三)信息素养

1.学生发展。学生具备良好的信息素养,能利用网络获取、储存、评价、加工和应用数字化学习资源,能利用各种媒体终端进行随时随地的学习、交流和分享,能在教师的指导下运用信息技术灵活开展自主学习、合作学习与探究学习。同时注重自制,不沉迷网络。

2.教师发展。教师具备较高的信息素养,能进行信息技术环境下的教学设计,能获取、加工和集成教学资源支持课堂教学,能利用网络教学平台开展混合式教学、参与校本和区域教研活动,能利用信息技术对教学对象、教学资源、教学活动、教学过程进行有效管理和评价。

3.信息化领导力。校长具有较高的信息素养,能根据区域信息化发展目标,明确建设思路,具有组织、管理和评价能力。能运用信息技术手段开展学校各项管理,有效推进基于大数据的教育治理和绩效评价。

(四)融合创新

1.智慧教学。教师利用信息化备课支撑平台和数字资源进行电子备课或网络协同备课。综合运用学科教学工具、网络空间等开展智慧课堂教学,优化教学流程,创新教学模式,构建自主、合作、探究的教与学方式。能采集、汇聚、整理、分析教与学过程的大数据,实现师生教与学双向适时反馈。

2.智慧管理。依托国家、省级教育管理公共服务平台,加强校园智慧管理,推动互联互通及数据共享,实现办公、教务、教学、学生、后勤、安全等智能化管理。

3.智慧服务。提供基于pc和移动端的家校互动平台服务,帮助家长实时了解学生学习、生活等情况,进行有效的家校互动交流。同时,利用信息技术为家庭、社区和其他学校提供教师课程和综合实践活动等社会化公益服务。

(五)支撑保障

1.组织领导。学校成立以校长为组长的智慧校园工作领导小组,制定智慧校园建设规划并按计划推进实施。

2.机构人员。学校有专门的机构或部门负责教育信息化工作。配备专职管理人员,专门负责教育信息化工作。每门学科配备教师负责推进信息技术与学科教学的融合创新应用。

3.经费保障。财政部门安排教育信息化经费,用于学校信息化基础设施和重点项目建设。学校从生均公用经费中提取一定比例用于信息化教学资源更新和日常运维。开展校企等合作,建立多元化经费投入机制,确保智慧校园建设可持续发展。

4.制度建设。学校建立教育信息化运营、管理和激励制度。

(六)特色发展

智慧校园建设重在深化应用、融合创新,鼓励各校大胆探索、开拓创新,在智慧校园前沿研究、特色应用、突出成果、体制机制建设等方面打造亮点,促进智慧校园建设特色发展。

(一)智慧校园建设是系统工程,需省、市、县、校四级联动,教育、经信、财政部门协同推进建设。各地要将智慧校园建设作为智慧教育和智慧城市建设的重要内容,并作为“十三五”教育信息化建设和教育现代化建设的重点工作,纳入本级政府重点民生实事项目,统筹规划、统一部署、大力推进。

(二)省教育厅、省经信委、省财政厅负责智慧校园建设工作制度设计。制定下发全省智慧校园建设指导意见,召开建设推进会,组织开展督导评估认定工作,评选省级智慧校园示范校。统筹安排智慧校园建设奖补经费,用于扶持经济薄弱的市、县和学校开展智慧校园建设,奖励省级智慧校园示范校。省教育网络安全和信息化领导小组办公室负责智慧校园建设的日常具体工作。

(三)各市、县(市、区)教育、经信和财政部门要成立智慧校园建设工作领导小组,召开专题会议,研究部署智慧校园建设工作;要制定智慧校园建设规划,明确时间表和路线图,在政策、经费、人员等方面提供强有力的保障。

(四)各地教育信息化机构要会同相关部门和单位,在当地教育、经信和财政部门的领导下,建立统一领导、分工负责、各司其职、协同推进的工作机制,大力推进智慧校园建设与管理工作。

(五)学校是智慧校园建设主体,要将智慧校园建设工作作为“一把手”工程,将智慧校园建设作为学校促进教育公平、提高教育质量、提升办学水平的重点工作和重要抓手。要制订智慧校园建设方案,集中人力、物力和财力,创新工作机制,持续推进智慧校园建设与应用工作。长沙航天和一电子公司专业的校园电视系统设备供应商,提供完整的校园数字高清电视系统,iptv网络电视系统,卫星电视系统整体解决方案及全套配套设备。

(六)智慧校园评估认定工作由教育、经信、财政部门联合开展,按照学校申报、县(市、区)审核、市评估、省抽查的程序进行。省教育厅、省经信委、省财政厅定期开展抽查验收,评选省级智慧校园示范校并给予奖励。

最新智能合约文献综述范文范本二

甲方:

住所:

联系电话:

乙方:

住所:

联系电话:

甲方将______项目智能化工程发包给乙方,为明确甲乙双方的权利、责任和义务,根据《中华人民共和国民法典》、《中华人民共和国建筑法》、《建设工程质量管理条例》及其它有关法律、行政法规,遵循平等、自愿、公平和诚实信用的原则,双方经协商一致订立本协议。

第一条、工程概况

1、工程名称:_______项目智能化工程。

2、工程地点:____________________。

3、工程简介:_______智能化工程,项目总建筑面积约_______万平方米。

4、承包方式:包工包料、包设计、包损耗、包工期、包质量、包安全、包文明施工、包市场风险、包验收的形式按综合包干单价承包本工程。

第二条、承包范围及工程内容

1、承包范围:为项目智能化中的各系统,各系统包括智能对讲系统(包括门禁系统、家庭安防报警系统)、电梯对讲系统、闭路监控系统、停车场收费管理系统、公共广播音乐系统、电子巡更系统、周界防范系统、防雷系统、电子公告系统(只预埋线管)。

2、承包内容:以上承包范围内的系统设计、系统集成、工程施工、设备材料供应、系统所需之一切调试及验收达到合格、培训甲方日常设备维护及操作人员、工程保修等。

第三条、验收

甲方于乙方材料设备到达现场_______日内完成报审报验手续后乙方开始安装,全部材料设备安装调试完毕后由甲方、乙方共同验收,乙方确保本工程验收合格。

第四条、质量保修期以分系统计算质量保证期,各期系统的质量保证期均为_______年,自该期工程竣工并交付使用之日起计。

第五条、合同工期

计划开工日期:_______年_______月_______日。具体日期以甲方现场代表或甲方委托的监理公司签发的开工令所示开工时间为准。

第六条、材料供应与计价

1、本工程所需各系统产品由乙方采购,但所选品牌必须是甲方指定的品牌。

2、乙方负责采购供应的设备材料,乙方必须保证设备材料质量合格。

3、乙方保证本工程所选用的线缆满足设备及环境屏蔽需要,保证系统设备使用效果良好。当选用的线缆不能满足设备及环境屏蔽需要时,乙方须免费更换直到合格为止。

4、乙方每批材料进场必须提供生产厂家的产品质量合格证和检验报告。根据国家、省、市的规范及当地相关部门规定要求,材料、设备在使用前必须进行检测的,乙方应承担完成材料、设备的全部检测工作,并在使用前将检测结果的正式报告提交给甲方。如检验不合格,乙方必须在_______小时内安排退场,并安排符合要求材料重新进场,所延误的工期不顺延。

5、乙方提供的施工材料必须与甲方确认的工程设计、施工图纸相符,满足国家、地方有关质量技术标准、规范、规程要求,其品牌、规格、型号须经甲方最终书面确认后方可用于施工,并附有材料出厂合格证、法定技术质量检测部门出具的检测报告等材料质量证明。否则,甲方有权解除合同,并追究乙方相关违约责任。

6、乙方不能使用国家或行业或工程所在地建设管理部门禁止使用的材料,如有发生,由乙方承担由此给甲方造成的罚金,甲方有权直接从乙方的工程款中扣除。

第七条、双方责任

1、甲方责任:

(1)甲方应适时向乙方提供相关“技术规范”、“小区规划图”、“小区弱电主干管网总平面图(蓝图)”、“主体弱电预埋图”。

(2)委派为甲方现场代表,协调工地相关配合事宜,检查工程质量、进度、安全,进行工程中间验收及竣工验收。

2、乙方责任:

(1)乙方在收到甲方提供的相关图纸后_______天内提供相应智能化工程的施工图及设计概算给甲方,甲方必须在_______天内给出审核意见,乙方按甲方的意见必须在_______天内完成修改,修改后给甲方确认。

(2)乙方按确认后的图纸在_______天内提供施工图纸一式_______份蓝图(不含施工单位自用图和竣工用图纸)给甲方。

(3)乙方委派为项目经理,委派的项目经理持有与工程项目相适应的真实有效的资格证书,负责施工期间的施工质量、安全等问题。

第八条、合同生效

1、本合同自双方盖章及甲方收到乙方的履约保函后生效。

2、本合同文本一式_______份,甲方、乙方双方各执_______份,各份具有同等法律效力。

甲方(签字):

签订地点:

_________年________月______日

乙方(签字):

签订地点:

_________年________月______日

最新智能合约文献综述范文范本三

over my lifetime, i have seen very significant societal changes。 probably one of the most significant, and one that is increasingly concerning people today, is the rise of artificial intelligence。 in short, i believe that the rise of powerful ai,will be either the best thing, or the worst, ever to happen to humanity。 i have to say now, that we do not yet know which。 but we should do all we can, to ensure that its future development benefits us, and our environment。 we have no other option。 i see the development of ai, as a trend with its own problems that we know must be dealt with, now and into the future。

在我的一生中,我见证了社会深刻的变化。其中最深刻的,同时也是对人类影响与日俱增的变化,是人工智能的崛起。简单来说,我认为强大的人工智能的崛起,要么是人类历史上最好的事,要么是最糟的。是好是坏,我不得不说,我们依然不能确定。但我们应该竭尽所能,确保其未来发展对我们和我们的环境有利。我们别无选择。我认为人工智能的发展,本身是一种存在着问题的趋势,而这些问题必须在现在和将来得到解决。

the progress in ai research and development is swift。 and perhaps we should all stop for a moment, and focus our research, not only on making ai more capable, but on maximizing its societal benefit。 such considerations motivated the american association for artificial intelligence‘s, two thousand and eight to two thousand and nine, presidential panel on long-term ai futures, which up to recently had focused largely on techniques, that are neutral with respect to purpose。 but our ai systems must do what we want them to do。 inter-disciplinary research can be a way forward: ranging from economics, law, and philosophy, to computer security, formal methods, and of course various branches of ai itself。

人工智能的研究与开发正在迅速推进。也许科学研究应该暂停片刻,从而使研究重点从提升人工智能能力转移到最大化人工智能的社会效益上面。基于这样的考虑,美国人工智能协会(aaai)于2008至2009年,成立了人工智能长期未来总筹论坛[原文:presidentialpanel on long-term ai futures],他们近期在目的导向的中性技术上投入了大量的关注。但我们的人工智能系统的原则依然须要按照我们的意志工作。跨学科研究可能是一条可能的前进道路:从经济、法律、哲学延伸至计算机安全、形式化方法,当然还有人工智能本身的各个分支。

everything that civilization has to offer, is a product of human intelligence, and i believe there is no real difference between what can be achieved by a biological brain, and what can be achieved by a computer。 it therefore follows that computers can, in theory, emulate human intelligence, and exceed it。 but we don’t know。 so we can not know if we will be infinitely helped by ai, or ignored by it and side-lined, or conceivably destroyed by it。 indeed, we have concerns that clever machines will be capable of undertaking work currently done by humans, and swiftly destroy millions of jobs。

文明所提产生的一切都是人类智能的产物,我相信生物大脑总有一天会达到计算机可以达到的程度,没有本质区别。因此,它遵循了“计算机在理论上可以模仿人类智能,然后超越”这一原则。但我们并不确定,所以我们无法知道我们将无限地得到人工智能的帮助,还是被藐视并被边缘化,或者很可能被它毁灭。的确,我们担心聪明的机器将能够代替人类正在从事的工作,并迅速地消灭数以百万计的工作岗位。

while primitive forms of artificial intelligence developed so far, have proved very useful, i fear the consequences of creating something that can match or surpass humans。 ai would take off on its own, and re-design itself at an ever increasing rate。 humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn‘t compete, and would be superseded。 it will bring great disruption to our economy。 and in the future, ai could develop a will of its own, a will that is in conflict with ours。 although i am well-known as an optimist regarding the human race, others believe that humans can command the rate of technology for adecently long time, and that the potential of ai to solve many of the world’s problems will be realized。 i am not so sure。

在人工智能从原始形态不断发展,并被证明非常有用的同时,我也在担忧这样这个结果,即创造一个可以等同或超越人类的智能的人工智能:人工智能一旦脱离束缚,以不断加速的状态重新设计自身。人类由于受到漫长的生物进化的限制,无法与之竞争,将被取代。这将给我们的经济带来极大的破坏。未来,人工智能可以发展出自我意志,一个与我们冲突的意志。很多人认为人类可以在相当长的时间里控制技术的发展,这样我们就能看到人工智能可以解决世界上大部分问题的潜力。但我并不确定。尽管我对人类一贯持有乐观的态度。

in january 2015, i along with the technological entrepreneur, elon musk, and many other ai experts, signed an open letter on artificial intelligence, calling for serious research on its impact on society。 in the past, elon musk has warned that super human artificial intelligence, ispossible of providing in calculable benefits, but if deployed in cautiously, will have an adverse effect on the human race。 he and i, sit on the scientificad visory board for the future of life institute, an organization working to mitigate existential risks facing humanity, and which drafted the open letter。 this called for concrete research on how we could prevent potential problems, while also reaping the potential benefits ai offers us, and is designed to get ai researchers and developers to pay more attention to ai safety。 in addition, for policymakers and the general public, the letter is meant to be informative, but not alarmist。 we think it is very important, that everybody knows that ai researchers are seriously thinking about these concerns and ethical issues。 for example, ai has the potential to eradicate disease and poverty, but researchers must work to create ai that can be controlled。 the four-paragraph letter, titled research priorities for robustand beneficial artificial intelligence, an open letter, lays out detailed research priorities in the accompanying twelve-page document。

2015年1月份,我和科技企业家埃隆·马斯克,以及许多其他的人工智能专家签署了一份关于人工智能的公开信,目的是提倡就人工智能对社会所造成的影响做认真的调研。在这之前,埃隆·马斯克就警告过人们:超人类人工智能可能带来不可估量的利益,但是如果部署不当,则可能给人类带来相反的效果。我和他同在“生命未来研究所”担任科学顾问委员会的职务,这是一个旨在缓解人类所面临的存在风险的组织,而且之前提到的公开信也是由这个组织起草的。这个公开信号召展开可以阻止潜在问题的直接研究,同时也收获人工智能带给我们的潜在利益,同时致力于让人工智能的研发人员更关注人工智能安全。此外,对于决策者和普通大众来说,这封公开信内容翔实,并非危言耸听。人人都知道人工智能研究人员们在认真思索这些担心和伦理问题,我们认为这一点非常重要。比如,人工智能具有根除疾患和贫困的潜力的,但是研究人员必须能够创造出可控的人工智能。那封只有四段文字,题目为《应优先研究强大而有益的人工智能》的公开信,在其附带的十二页文件中对研究的优先次序作了详细的安排。

for the last 20 years or so, ai has been focused on the problems surrounding the construction of intelligent agents, systems that perceive and act in some environment。 in this context, intelligence is related to statistical and economic notions of rationality。 colloquially, the ability to make good decisions, plans, or inferences。 as a result of this recent work, there has been a large degree of integration and cross-fertilisation among ai, machine learning, statistics, control theory, neuro science, and other fields。 the establishment of shared theoretical frameworks, combined with the availability of data and processing power, has yielded remarkable successes invarious component tasks, such as speech recognition, image classification, autonomous vehicles, machine translation, legged locomotion, and question-answering systems。

在过去的20年或更长时间里,人工智能一直专注于建设智能代理所产生的问题,即在特定环境下可以感知并行动的各种系统。在这种情况下,智能是一个与统计学和经济学相关的理性概念。通俗地讲,这是一种做出好的决定、计划和推论的能力。基于这些工作,大量的整合和交叉孕育被应用在人工智能、机器学习、统计学、控制论、神经科学、以及其它领域。共享理论框架的建立,结合数据的供应和处理能力,在各种细分的领域取得了显著的成功。例如语音识别、图像分类、自动驾驶、机器翻译、步态运动和问答系统。

as development in these areas and others, moves from laboratory research to economically valuable technologies, a virtuous cycle evolves, whereby even small improvements in performance, are worth large sums of money, prompting further and greater investments in research。 there is now a broad consensus that ai research is progressing steadily, and that its impact on society is likely to increase。 the potential benefits are huge, since everything that civilization has to offer, is a product of human intelligence; we can not predict what we might achieve, when this intelligence is magnified by the tools ai may provide。 but, and as i have said, the eradication of diseaseand poverty is not unfathomable。 because of the great potential of ai, it is important to research how to reap its benefits, while avoiding potential pitfalls。

随着这些领域的发展,从实验室研究到有经济价值的技术形成良性循环。哪怕很小的性能改进,都会带来巨大的经济效益,进而鼓励更长期、更伟大的投入和研究。目前人们广泛认同,人工智能的研究正在稳步发展,而它对社会的影响很可能扩大,潜在的好处是巨大的,甚至文明所产生的一切,都可能是人类智能的产物;但我们无法预测我们可能取得什么成果,这种成果可能是被人工智能工具放大过的。但是,正如我说过的,根除疾病和贫穷并不是完全不可能,由于人工智能的巨大潜力,研究如何(从人工智能)获益并规避风险是非常重要的。

artificial intelligence research is now progressing rapidly。 and this research can be discussed as short-term and long-term。 some short-term concerns relate to autonomous vehicles, from civilian drones and self-driving cars。 for example, a self-driving car may, in an emergency, have to decide between a small risk of a major accident, and a large probability of a small accident。 other concerns relate to lethal intelligent autonomous weapons。 should they be banned。 if so, how should autonomy be precisely defined。 if not, how should culpability for any misuse or malfunction be apportioned。 otherissues include privacy concerns, as ai becomes increasingly able to interpretlarge surveillance datasets, and how to best manage the economic impact of jobs displaced by ai。

现在,关于人工智能的研究正在迅速发展。这一研究可以从短期和长期来讨论。一些短期的担忧在无人驾驶方面,从民用无人机到自主驾驶汽车。比如说,在紧急情况下,一辆无人驾驶汽车不得不在小风险的大事故和大概率的小事故之间进行选择。另一个担忧在致命性智能自主武器。他们是否该被禁止?如果是,那么“自主”该如何精确定义。如果不是,任何使用不当和故障的过失应该如何问责。还有另外一些担忧,由人工智能逐渐可以解读大量监控数据引起的隐私和担忧,以及如何管理因人工智能取代工作岗位带来的经济影响。

long-term concerns, comprise primarily of the potential loss of control of ai systems, via the rise of super-intelligences that do not act in accordance with human wishes, and that such powerful systems would threaten humanity。 are such days topic outcomes possible。 if so, how might these situations arise。 what kind of investments in research should be made, to better understand and to address the possibility of the rise of a dangerous super-intelligence, or the occurrence of an intelligence explosion。

长期担忧主要是人工智能系统失控的潜在风险,随着不遵循人类意愿行事的超级智能的崛起,那个强大的系统威胁到人类。这样错位的结果是否有可能?如果是,这些情况是如何出现的?我们应该投入什么样的研究,以便更好的理解和解决危险的超级智能崛起的可能性,或智能爆发的出现?

existing tools for harnessing ai, such as reinforcement learning, and simple utility functions, are inadequate to solve this。 therefore more research is necessary to find and validate a robust solution to the control problem。

当前控制人工智能技术的工具,例如强化学习,简单实用的功能,还不足以解决这个问题。因此,我们需要进一步研究来找到和确认一个可靠的解决办法来掌控这一问题。

recent land marks, such as the self-driving cars already mentioned, or a computer winning at the game of go, are signs of what is to come。 enormous levels of investment are pouring in to this technology。 the achievements we have seen so far, will surely pale against what the coming decades will bring, and we can not predict what we might achieve, when our own minds are amplified by ai。 perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damaged one to the natural world by the last one, industrialisation。 every aspect of our lyves will be transformed。 in short, success in creating ai, could be the biggest event in the history of our civiliztion。

近来的里程碑,比如说之前提到的自主驾驶汽车,以及人工智能赢得围棋比赛,都是未来趋势的迹象。巨大的投入倾注到这项科技。我们目前所取得的成就,和未来几十年后可能取得的成就相比,必然相形见绌。而且我们远不能预测我们能取得什么成就,当我们的头脑被人工智能放大以后。也许在这种新技术革命的辅助下,我们可以解决一些工业化对自然界造成的损害。关乎到我们生活的各个方面都即将被改变。简而言之,人工智能的成功有可能是人类文明史上最大的事件。

but it could also be the last, unless we learn how to avoid the risks。 i have said in the past that the development of full ai, could spell the end of the human race, such as the ultimate use of powerful autonomous weapons。 earlier this year, i, along with other international scientists, supported the united nations convention to negotiate a ban on nuclear weapons。 these negotiations started last week, and we await the outcome with nervous santicipation。 currently, nine nuclear powers have access to roughly 14,000 nuclear weapons, any one of which can obliterate cities, contaminate wide swathes of land with radio active fall-out, and the most horrible hazard of all, cause a nuclear-induced winter, in which the fires and smoke might trigger a global mini-ice age。 the result is a complete collapse of the global food system, and apocalyptic unrest, potentially killing most people on earth。 we scientists bear a special responsibility for nuclear weapons, since it was scientists who invented them, and discovered that their effects are even more horrific than first thought。

但是人工智能也有可能是人类文明史的终结,除非我们学会如何避免危险。我曾经说过,人工智能的全方位发展可能招致人类的灭亡,比如最大化使用智能性自主武器。今年早些时候,我和一些来自世界各国的科学家共同在联合国会议上支持其对于核武器的禁令。这次协商于上周开始,[为了避免歧义删掉这句]我们正在焦急的等待协商结果。目前,九个核大国可以控制大约一万四千个核武器,它们中的任何一个都可以将城市夷为平地,放射性废物会大面积污染农田,最可怕的危害是诱发核冬天,火和烟雾会导致全球的小冰河期。这一结果使全球粮食体系崩塌,末日般动荡,很可能导致大部分人死亡。我们作为科学家,对核武器承担着特殊的责任,因为正是科学家发明了它们,并发现它们的影响比最初预想的更加可怕。

at this stage, i may have possibly frightened you all here today, with talk of doom。 i apologize。 but it is important that you, as attendees to today‘s conference, recognize the position you hold in influencing future researchand development of today’s technology。 i believe that we join together, to call for support of international treaties, or signing letters presented to inpidual government all powers。 technology leaders and scientists are doing what they can, to obviate the rise of uncontrollable ai。

现阶段,我对灾难的探讨可能惊吓到了在座的各位。很抱歉。但是作为今天的与会者,重要的是,你们要认清自己在影响当前技术的未来研发中的位置。我相信我们团结在一起,来呼吁国际条约的支持或者签署呈交给各国政府的公开信,科技领袖和科学家正极尽所能避免不可控的人工智能的崛起。

in october last year, i opened a new center in cambridge, england, which will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in ai research。 the leverhulme centre for the future of intelligence, is a multi-disciplinary institute, dedicated to researching the future of intelligence, as crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species。 we spend a great deal of time studying history, which let‘s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity。 so it’s a welcome change, that people are studying instead the future of intelligence。 we are aware of the potential dangers, but i am at heart an optimist, and believe that the potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge。 perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world, by industrialisation。

去年10月,我在英国剑桥建立了一个新的机构,试图解决一些在人工智能研究快速发展中出现的尚无定论的问题。“利弗休姆智能未来中心”是一个跨学科研究所,致力于研究智能的未来,这对我们文明和物种的未来至关重要。我们花费大量时间学习历史,深入去看——大多数是关于愚蠢的历史。所以人们转而研究智能的未来是令人欣喜的变化。虽然我们对潜在危险有所意识,但我内心仍秉持乐观态度,我相信创造智能的潜在收益是巨大的。也许借助这项新技术革命的工具,我们将可以削减工业化对自然界造成的伤害。

every aspect of our lives will be transformed。 my colleague at the institute, huwprice, has acknowledged that the center came about partially as a result of the university’s centre for existential risk。 that institute examines a wider range of potential problems for humanity, while the leverhulme centrehas a more narrow focus。

我们生活的每一个方面都会被改变。我在研究所的同事休·普林斯承认,“利弗休姆中心”能建立,部分是因为大学成立了“存在风险中心”。后者更加广泛地审视了人类潜在问题,“利弗休姆中心”的重点研究范围则相对狭窄。

recent developments in the advancement of ai, include a call by the european parliament for drafting a set of regulations, to govern the yoossand creation of robots and ai。 somewhat surprisingly, this includes a form of electronic personhood, to ensure the rights and responsibilities for the most capable and advanced ai。 a european parliament spokesman has commented, that as a growing number of are as in our daily lyves are increasingly affected by robots, we need to ensure that robots are, and will remain, in the service of humans。 there port as presented to meps, makes it clear that it believes the world is on thecusp of a new industrial robot revolution。 it examines whether or not providing legal rights for robots as electronic persons, on a par with the legal definition of corporate personhood, would be permissible。 but stresses that at all times, researchers and designers should ensure all robotic design incorporates a kill switch。 this didn‘t help the scientists on board the spaceship with hal, the malfunctioning robotic computer in kubrick’s two thousand and one, a space odyssey, but that was fiction。 we deal with fact。 lorna brazell, a partner at the multinational law firm osborne clarke, says in the report, that we don’t give whales and gorillas personhood, so there is no need to jump at robotic personhood。 but the wariness is there。 the report acknowledges the possibility that within the space of a few decades, ai could surpass human intellectual capacity, and challenge the human robot relationship。 finally, the report calls for the creation of a european agency for robotic sand ai, that can provide technical, ethical, and regulatory expertise。 if mep svote in favor of legislation, the report will go to the european commission, which has three months to decide what legislative steps it will take。

人工智能的最新进展,包括欧洲议会呼吁起草一系列法规,以管理机器人和人工智能的创新。令人感到些许惊讶的是,这里面涉及到了一种形式的电子人格,以确保最有能力和最先进的人工智能的权利和责任。欧洲议会发言人评论说,随着日常生活中越来越多的领域日益受到机器人的影响,我们需要确保机器人无论现在还是将来,都为人类而服务。向欧洲议会议员提交的报告,明确认为世界正处于新的工业机器人革命的前沿。报告中分析的是否给机器人提供作为电子人的权利,这等同于法人(的身份),也许有可能。报告强调,在任何时候,研究和设计人员都应确保每一个机器人设计都包含有终止开关。在库布里克的电影《2001太空漫游》中,出故障的超级电脑哈尔没有让科学家们进入太空舱,但那是科幻。我们要面对的则是事实。奥斯本·克拉克跨国律师事务所的合伙人,洛纳·布拉泽尔在报告中说,我们不承认鲸鱼和大猩猩有人格,所以也没有必要急于接受一个机器人人格。但是担忧一直存在。报告承认在几十年的时间内,人工智能可能会超越人类智力范围,人工智能可能会超越人类智力范围,进而挑战人机关系。报告最后呼吁成立欧洲机器人和人工智能机构,以提供技术、伦理和监管方面的专业知识。如果欧洲议会议员投票赞成立法,该报告将提交给欧盟委员会。它将在三个月的时间内决定要采取哪些立法步骤。

we too, have a role to play in making sure the next generation has not just the opportunity, but the determination, to engage fully with the study of science at an early level, so that they can go on to fulfil their potential, and create a better world for the whole human race。 this is what i meant, when i was talking to you just now about the importance of learning and need to take this beyond a theoretical discussion of how things should be, and take action, to make sure they have the opportunity to get on board。 we stand on the threshold of a brave new world。 it is an exciting, if precarious place to be, and you are the pioneers。 i wish you well。

我们还应该扮演一个角色,确保下一代不仅仅有机会还要有决心,在早期阶段充分参与科学研究,以便他们继续发挥潜力,帮助人类创造一个更加美好的的世界。这就是我刚谈到学习和教育的重要性时,所要表达的意思。我们需要跳出“事情应该如何”这样的理论探讨,并且采取行动,以确保他们有机会参与进来。我们站在一个美丽新世界的入口。这是一个令人兴奋的、同时充满了不确定性的世界,而你们是先行者。我祝福你们。

thank you for listening

谢谢

professor hawking, we have learned so muchfrom your insight。

next i’m going to ask some questions。 these are from chinese scientists and entrepreneurs。

kai-fulee,ceo of sinovation ventures:

“the large internet companies have access to massive databases, which allows them to make huge strides in ai by violating user‘s privacy。 these companies can’t truly discipline themselves as they are lured by huge economic interests。 this vastly disproportionate access to data could cause small companies and startups to fail to innovate。 you have mentioned numerous times that we should restrain artificial intelligence, but it’s much harder to restrain humans。 what do you think we can do to restrain the large internet companies?”

as i understand it,the companies are using the data only for statistical purposes,but use of any personal information should be banned。 it would help privacy, if all material on the internet, were encrypted by quantum cryptography with a code, that the internet companies could not break in a reasonable time。 but these curity services would object。

据我了解,许多公司仅将这些数据用于统计分析,但任何涉及到私人信息的使用都应该被禁止。会有助于隐私保护的是,如果互联网上所有的信息,均通过基于量子技术加密,这样互联网公司在一定时间内便无法破解。但安全服务会反对这个做法。

professor, the second question is from fu sheng, ceo, cheetah mobile:

“does the human soul exist as a form of quantum or another form of higher dimensional space?“

i believe that recent advances in ai, such as computers winning at chess and go, show that here is no essential difference between the human brain and a computer。 contrary to the opinion of my colleague roger penrose。 would one say a computer has a soul。 in my opinion, the notion of an inpidual human soul is a christian concept, linked to the after life which i consider to be a fairy story。

我认为近来人工智能的发展,比如电脑在国际象棋和围棋的比赛中战胜人脑,都显示出人脑和电脑并没有本质差别。这点上我和我的同事罗杰·彭罗斯正好相反。会有人认为电脑有灵魂吗?对我而言,灵魂这个说法是一个基督教的概念,它和来世联系在一起。我认为这是一个童话故事。

professor, the third question is from ya-qinzhang, president, baidu:

“the way human beings observe and abstract the universe is constantly evolving, from observation and estimation to newton‘s law and einstein’s equation, and now data-driven computation and ai。 what is next?”

we need a new quantum theory, which unifies gravity with the other forces of nature。 many people claim that it is string theory, but i have my doubts。 so far about the only prediction is that space-time has ten dimensions。

我们需要一个新的量子理论,将重力和其他自然界的其它力量整合在一起。许多人声称这是弦理论,但我对此表示怀疑,目前唯一的推测是,时空有十个维度。

professor, the forth question is from zhang shoucheng, professor of physics, stanford university:

“if you were to tell aliens about the highest achievements of our human civilization on the back of one envelope, what would you write ?”

it is no good telling aliens about beauty or any other possible art form that we might consider to be the highest artistic achievement, because these are very human specific。 instead i would write about godel’s incompleteness theorems and fermat’s last are things aliens would understand。

告诉外星人关于美,或者任何可能代表最高艺术成就的艺术形式都是无益的,因为这是人类特有的。我会告诉他们哥德尔不完备定理和费马大定理。这才是外星人能够理解的事情。

the next question is from myself:

“we wish to promote the scientific spirit at all 9 gmic conferences globally。 what three books do you recommend technology leaders read to better understand the coming future and the science that is driving it?”

they should be writing books not reading them。 one fully understands something only when one has written a book about it。

他们应该去写书而不是读书。只有当一个人关于某件事能写出一本书,才代表他完全理解了这件事。

the next question is from weibo user:

“what is the one thing we should never do in life, and the one thing we should all do?”

we should never give up, and we should all strive to understand as much as we can。

我们绝不应当放弃,我们都应当尽可能多的去理解(这个世界)。

the next question is also from weibo user:

“human beings have experienced many evolutions, for example, the stone age, the age of steam to the age of electricity。 what do you think will drive the next evolution?”

advances in computer science, including artificial intelligence and quantum computing。 technology already forms a major part of our lives but in the coming decades, it will permeate every aspect of our society。 intelligently supporting and advising us in many areas, including healthcare work education and science。 but we must make sure we control ai not it us。

(我认为是)计算机科学的发展,包括人工智能和量子计算。科技已经成为我们生活中重要的一部分,但未来几十年里,它会逐渐渗透到社会的每一个方面,为我们提供智能地支持和建议,在医疗、工作、教育和科技等众多领域。但是我们必须要确保是我们来掌控人工智能,而非它(掌控)我们。

professor hawking,the last question is from hai quan , musician and vc:

“if the technology is not mature yet for interstellar immigrants, do human beings have unsolvable challenges that could lead to human extinction apart from external catastrophes like asteroid hitting earth?”

yes。 over-population, disease, war, famine, climate change and lack of water。 it is within the power of man to solve the secrises, but unfortunately these remain serious threats to our continued present on earth。 these are all solvable, but so far have not been。

是的。人口过剩、疾病、战争、饥荒、气候变化和水资源匮乏, 人类有能力解决这些危机。但很可惜,这些危机还严重威胁着我们在地球上的生存,这些危机都是可以解决的,但目前还没有。

professor hawking, your answer is very inspiring。 today it is so excited to talk with you, you know gwc and gmic have a dream, “everyone comes to gmic!”, today is very special for gmic。 thank you! thank you for your time!

霍金教授,您的解答非常有启发性。今天和您谈话令人兴奋。长城会和gmic有一个梦想:地球上每个人来一次gmic!今天对gmic来说非常特别,谢谢您!谢谢您的宝贵时间!

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