四级范文图书 四级阅读书籍(7篇)

人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退，写作可以弥补记忆的不足，将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来，也便于保存一份美好的回忆。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢？有哪些格式需要注意呢？下面我给大家整理了一些优秀范文，希望能够帮助到大家，我们一起来看一看吧。

如何写四级范文图书一

（1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1、有一些人认为……

累了，休息下，去考试大在线网上辅导逛逛

2、另一些人认为……

3、我的看法……

the topic of ①________（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. there are two sides of opinions of it. some people say a is their favorite. they hold their view for the reason of ②________（支持a的理由一）what is more, ③________（理由二）。 moreover, ④________（理由三）。

while others think that b is a better choice in the following three reasons. firstly,________（支持b的理由一）。 secondly (besides)，⑥____________（理由二）。 thirdly (finally)，⑦____________（理由三）。

from my point of view, i think ⑧________（我的观点）。 the reason is that ⑨____________（原因）。 as a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. for me, the former is surely a wise choice 。

（2） 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点some people believe that ①________（观点一）。 for example, they think ②________（举例说明）。and it will bring them ③________（为他们带来的好处）。

in my opinion, i never think this reason can be the point. for one thing,④____（我不同意该看法的理由一）。 for another thing, ⑤____（反对的理由之二）。 form all what i have said,i agree to the thought that ⑥____（我对文章所讨论主题的看法）。英语六级考试写作技巧

二。阐述主题题型

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。

1、 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义。

2、 分析并举例使其更充实。

the good old proverb ________（名言或谚语）reminds us that ________（释义）。 indeed, we can learn many things form it.

first of all,________（理由一）。 for example, ____________（举例说明）。 secondly,________（理由二）。 another case is that ________（举例说明）。 furthermore ， ____________（理由三）。英语四级英译汉的目的，要求和评分

in my opinion, ________（我的观点）。 in short, whatever you do, please remember the say____a. if you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

三。解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

1、 问题现状英语四级英译汉的目的，要求和评分

2、 怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点）

in recent days, we have to face i problem——a, which is becoming more and more serious. first, ________（说明a的现状）。second, ________（举例进一步说明现状） confronted with a, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. for one thing, ________（解决方法一）。 for another ________（解决方法二）。 finally, ________（解决方法三）。

personally, i believe that ________（我的解决方法）。 consequently, i’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________（带来的好处）。

四。说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

1、 说明事物现状

2、 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）

3、 你对现状（或前景）的看法

nowadays many people prefer a because it has a significant role in our daily life. generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. first ________（a的优点之一）。 besides ____________（a的优点之二）。

but every coin has two sides. the negative aspects are also apparent. one of the important disadvantages is that ________（a的第一个缺点）。to make matters worse,____________（a的第二个缺点）。

through the above analysis, i believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. therefore, i would like to ________（我的看法）。

(from the comparison between these positive and negative effects of a, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. only by this way, ________（对前景的预测）。

五。议论文的框架

（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）

there is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. but it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. a majority of people think that _ 观点一________. in their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, rmore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. so it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

people, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. in their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. on the other hand, ____原因二_____. therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.

as far as i am concerned, i firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. it is not only because ________, but also because _________. the more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的议论文

nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. in fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. firstly, ___优点一______. and secondly ___优点二_____.

just as a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. to begin with, ___缺点一______. in addition, ____ 缺点二______.

to sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. in that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

（3）答题性议论文

currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ 。it is really an important concern to every one of us. as a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.英语四级英译汉的目的，要求和评分

as we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. first of all, __途径一______. in addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. but as far as i am concerned, i would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

（4） 谚语警句性议论文

it is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. it means ____谚语的含义_______. the saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）

a case in point is ___例子一______. therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

with the rapid development of science and technology in china, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. the more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

如何写四级范文图书二

①as the graph depicts ， …

②from the cartoon /picture ， we can see that …

③according to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ，

④the table shows / indicates / reveals that …

⑤it can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that …

①recently ， …has become the focus of the society 。

②…has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life 。

③nowadays there is a growing concern for …

④nowadays it is common to hear /see …

⑤…has become a common occurrence in our daily life 。

⑥nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of …

⑦it is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that …

⑧there is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes …

⑨in recent years ， there is a general tendency …

⑩nowadays … has become a problem we have to face 。

①some people like / prefer …， while others are / feel inclined to …

②there are different opinions among people as to … some believe … whole hold …

③some people claim that … is superior to … others ， however ， disagree with it 。

④some people believe … others maintain … still others claim …

⑤some people suggest … others ， however ， hold the opposite opinion 。

⑥on the one hand ， people tend to … on the other hand ， they feel …

⑦some people argue that … others ， in contrast ， believe that …

⑧although more and more people come to believe … there are still others who insist that …

⑨on the contrary ， there are people in favor of …

⑩there are some people who hold different opinions about …

①my own experience tells me that …

②in my opinion ， we should attack more importance to …

③as for my own idea about … i believe …

④as far as i am concerned ， i plan to …

⑤personally ， i prefer …

⑥in my view ， both sides are partly right in that …

⑦but for me ， i would rather …

⑧my own point of view is that …

⑨in conclusion ， i support the statement that …

⑩as regards me ， i tend to choose …

①from what has been discussed / mentioned above ， we may conclude that …

②therefore ， it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that …

③it is high time that something was done about …

④from all the reasons / consideration above ， it is evident / clear / obvious that …

⑤taking into account all these factors ， we may reach the conclusion that …

⑥given the reasons / consideration i have just outlined / discussed / presented ， i >

1)there are three reasons for this.

2)the reasons for this are as follows.

3)the reason for this is obvious.

4)the reason for this is not far to seek.

5)the reason for this is that.。.

6)we have good reason to believe that.。.

例如： there are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life

注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。

如：great changes have taken place in our life. there are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。

1)it has the following advantages.

2)it does us a lot of good.

3)it benefits us quite a lot.

4)it is beneficial to us.

5)it is of great benefit to us

例如： books are like friends. they can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us.

如何写四级范文图书三

首先英语四级满分为710分，考分在220分以上的`考生，都会由国家教育部高教司委托“全国大学英语四六级考试委员会”发给成绩单，考试不设及格线，但是因为英语书四级只有在425分以上才能报考大学英语六级所以大家基本认为425为及格，具体的各部分分数如下

听力部分

听力部分总分占整套试卷的35%为248.5分。其中短对话8题、长对话8题、短文理解10题、短文听写10题，考试时间为30分钟。

阅读部分

阅读部分占整套试卷的35%为248.5分。其中选词填空占5%共10，长篇阅读占10%共10题，仔细阅读占20%共两篇，每篇5题，考试时间总共40分钟。

翻译

翻译部分是四级的大分项之一，占整套试卷的15%共106.5分，考试时间30分钟。

英语四级写作

四级的另一大分题是写作部分，占整套试卷的15%共106.5分，考试时间30分钟。需要注意的是在写作题上你需要要达到63.9分才视为合格。

以上就是对英语四级满分与各部分分值的详解，大家是不是都对四级英语考试的分值体系有了一个详细的了解，希望可以对大家有所帮助。在英语水平日益重要的当下，英语四级已成为大学生英语水平的最低指标，祝大家能在考试中取得自己满意的成绩。

如何写四级范文图书四

大一：

刚进大学，有大量的新鲜事物有待探索 (remain to explore)，很多人把大量的时间花在左顾右盼上，但是有一部分同学，他们目标坚定，内心成熟，他们已经拿起新概念，在校园里晨读起来。如果大学有一件事情值得你坚持四年，那么它就是早读。

第一学期，从高中细节的语法学习、题海轰炸过度到大学兴趣为主、阅读为王的学习方式，你可能要花点时间适应；之后，第二学期你就可以开始准备四级，用一个月的时间把词汇解决。然后你要做一些阅读和真题，轻松地就能通过四级考试。作为大学中一个最简单的考试，它只是给你些许开始的信心。如果认为自己基础稍弱一些的，可以先系统的学习一下新概念二册或初、中级阅读，打下基础，再过考试。

大二：

你内心清楚自己的目标是六级，但是这个时候，你可能会对听力口语产生一些兴趣，是的，你应该找出几盒有难度进阶的磁带来练听力。有几个原则必须遵守：一、不看原文（不把听力变成阅读）；二、在安静的环境下认真听；三、反复听相同的东西。第一盒磁带可能会让你生不如死，过了一个月才大致听懂，没有关系，第二盒磁带可能就只需要20天了，第三盒磁带可能只需要15天，当听到第5盒磁带再回头听第一盒时，就会有想打自己耳光的感觉（could have kicked yourself），怪自己为什么当初听不懂这么简单的内容。

大二的时候，英语学习观似乎有些变化，虽然你通过努力可能也过了六级考试，但是你发现一切知识都要应用，六级考题对于你来说更多的是一种表达方式。这个时候，系统学习一下新概念三对于增强自己的表达法，深入了解英文行文规则很有帮助。至于口语，找一个志同道合的人，加上新三的强大知识库，每天练习，有三个月，就会有突飞猛进的感觉。推荐同学们听《千万别学英语》，看《friends》。

大三：

你应该有些膨胀，想自己年纪轻轻就过了六级；历经生不如死的听力练习；用英文和语伴交流时也是滔滔不绝，你觉得自己真是他妈的语言天才，世间少有。但是来到新东方，你才发现，像你的“畜生”，还有很多。新东方张贴的托福高分榜不断刺激你的神经，是的，大三你应该考一个雅思或托福。

有了六级的基础，词汇还需要再加强一些，大概有几百个难词要突击一下，阅读要每天坚持练习，听力和口语是很自然的事情。剩下写作是最难的，即使是自己的母语，也不一定人人都能写出一手好文章，所以每个星期写上两篇便很必要，有机会要高手替你修改。如果实在没有这个机会，就参加一个单独的写作班，向高人学习一些方法。如果有兴趣，自己好好研习新概念四册，便会知道高人是如何用英文来表达生命、哲学等抽象话题了。不一定每个人都能拿托福雅思高分，但是作为自己英语学习最后的也是最权威的检验，它的意义非凡。

大四：

大家的眼神已经有些焦躁不安。你还在坚持早读，只不过你已经把材料从新概念二册变成了新概念四册（同时你还爱上了睡前看一小时英文，好习惯！），你的英语，已经从简单的表达变成了有些文采的新四句型了，讨论学术话题也是滔滔不绝。

当大家都在都在为工作不安时，你的眼神已经有了些许自信——当前的你不是现在决定的，而是三年前的你决定的。如果你要考研，花两个月的时间做历年的真题，有四六级和托福考试经历，考研英语不会让你很分心。多找一些外教朋友，去了解他们的文化和生活方式，多去一些party，用英文去交朋友，享受英文给你带来的乐趣。如果你要找工作，大方地走进主管的办公室，用流利的英文告诉他，你是一个很有计划，很self-disciplined（自律）的人，你是一个要做一件事情就会在三年前计划好、会完美实施的人。我想没有主管不喜欢这么一个有毅力的家伙。恭喜你，你成功了！

如何写四级范文图书五

核心：词汇及语法积累

（建议每日复习时间：2小时~3小时）

打牢词汇基础是本时段的中心任务。选择一本四级词汇书，制定约15日至20日的背词计划。在新词方面，四级与高中水平差别不大。

背词时，需要特别训练“眼熟”的能力，不用刻意强调拼写和多重含义，不停的用翻书或重复识别的方式加强印象即可。背单词最难的就在短时重复的循环坚持，能多看哪怕一会儿，你就战胜之前的你了。

已经做过部分真题依然但依然未过级的同学，不用过早进入做题继续错题再做再错的怪圈。可以利用做过的真题来背词，这样效率更高。尤其推荐通过播放听过的听力材料的形式，抽查自己的听写单词及短语的能力。

特别提示：多次考试处于420分数以下的同学务必尽早开动。此分数段同学英语学习方法存在重大问题。听课或看书来改正方法可能比自己学效果好得多。

核心：真题训练

（每日复习时间：2.5小时~3小时）

谁都知道备考四六级的最佳资料就是历年真题，但如果你做真题时出现以下情况，真题基本没有发挥作用：

1.完成一套，对答案，一段时间后再做下一套；

2.把阅读和听力选择题作为重点，一般不写作文，不做听写；

3.只有一本真题集。

推荐的方法是：（配合使用巨微英语《四级真题/逐句精解》）

1.买两套真题，按照约4天一套题目的速度练习；

2.按照考试时间，完成所有题目（包括作文和听写，写不下去也要撑30分钟）；

3.确认答案，估计分数，标记在题目之前，作为记录；

4.分析所有错题和不确定的题目（此环节可能需要看真题解析或询问高手或者老师），并且总结记录出现在准确选项，你选错的选项，答案对应原文等位置的生词；

5.尝试翻译所有题目的准确答案项以及对应原文；

6.听力至少再听两遍；

7.努力记住第四步记录的单词或短语。

如此说来，完成一套真题的时间，至少在四个小时以上，1-4步和5-7步可以在两至三日内分别完成。特别提醒，作文最好找老师或高手批改，否则自己写下去几乎没有提高。

第二轮： （5月21日至6月5日，每日复习时间：2.5小时~3小时）

这段时间，拿出第二套真题集，抽取大约六套左右原来做过的题目重新做。如果准确率极高，说明之前真题练习不错，反之则证明效果不佳。要特别注意重复做错的题目。

这两个月是备考的黄金期，放弃了这一段时间，就等于放弃了所有过级可能性。听课，接受引导式学习，是保证部分倍感自控无望的同学学习进度的最好方式。

核心：回顾错题，模拟考试

（每日复习时间：2.5小时~3小时）

几乎所有考试失败的前辈都会悲叹上场之后，考试时间不够，所以再次强化自己的考场能力成为最后时日的关键。

拿出最后剩余的真题，选择早晨的9点整（四级）或下午的3点整（六级），计时完成题目。你需要分析自己的强弱项，提前计划在正式考试时如何利用优势弥补劣势，让分数最大化。

当然，继续背那些重复出现却总是记混的单词也是好的选择。

如何写四级范文图书六

directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. you should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

part ii listening comprehension (30 minutes)

directions: in this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. at the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four choices marked a)， b)， c) and d)， and decide which is the best answer. then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1、 a) see a doctor about her strained shoulder.

b) use a ladder to help her reach the tea.

c) replace the cupboard with a new one.

d) place the tea on a lower shelf next time.

2、 a) at mary johnson’s. c) in an exhibition hall.

b) at a painter’s studio. d) outside an art gallery.

3、 a) the teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience.

b) she does not quite agree with what the man said.

c) the man had better talk with the students himself.

d) new students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.

4、 a) he helped doris build up the furniture.

b) doris helped him arrange the furniture.

c) doris fixed up some of the bookshelves.

d) he was good at assembling bookshelves.

5、 a) he doesn’t get on with the others. c) he has been taken for a fool.

b) he doesn’t feel at ease in the firm. d) he has found a better position.

6、 a) they should finish the work as soon as possible.

b) he will continue to work in the garden himself.

c) he is tired of doing gardening on weekends.

d) they can hire a gardener to do the work.

7、 a) the man has to get rid of the used furniture.

b) the man’s apartment is ready for rent.

c) the furniture is covered with lots of dust.

d) the furniture the man bought is inexpensive.

8、 a) the man will give the mechanic a call.

b) the woman is waiting for a call.

c) the woman is doing some repairs.

d) the man knows the mechanic very well.

questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9、 a) she had a job interview to attend.

b) she was busy finishing her project.

c) she had to attend an important meeting.

d) she was in the middle of writing an essay.

10、 a) accompany her roommate to the classroom.

b) hand in her roommate’s application form.

c) submit her roommate’s assignment.

d) help her roommate with her report.

11、 a) where dr. ellis’s office is located.c) directions to the classroom building.

b) when dr. ellis leaves his office.d) dr. ellis’s schedule for the afternoon.

questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12、 a) he finds it rather stressful. c) he can handle it quite well.

b) he is thinking of quitting it.d) he has to work extra hours.

13、 a) the 6:00 one.c) the 7:00 one.

b) the 6:30 one.d) the 7:30 one.

14、 a) it is an awful waste of time.

b) he finds it rather unbearable.

c) the time on the train is enjoyable.

d) it is something difficult to get used to.

15、 a) reading newspapers.c) listening to the daily news.

b) chatting with friends.d) planning the day’s work.

directions: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a)， b)， c) and d)。 then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

16、 a) ignore small details while reading.

b) read at least several chapters at one sitting.

c) develop a habit of reading critically.

d) get key information by reading just once or twice.

17、 a) choose one’s own system of marking.

b) underline the key words and phrases.

c) make as few marks as possible.

d) highlight details in a red color.

18、 a) by reading the textbooks carefully again.

b) by reviewing only the marked parts.

c) by focusing on the notes in the margins.

d) by comparing notes with their classmates.

questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19、 a) the sleep a person needs varies from day to day.

b) the amount of sleep for each person is similar.

c) one can get by with a couple of hours of sleep.

d) everybody needs some sleep for survival.

20、 a) it is a made-up story.c) it is a rare exception.

b) it is beyond cure.d) it is due to an accident.

21、 a) his extraordinary physical condition.

b) his mother’s injury just before his birth.

c) the unique surroundings of his living place.

d) the rest he got from sitting in a rocking chair.

questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22、 a) she invested in stocks and shares on wall street.

b) she learned to write for financial newspapers.

c) she developed a >

direction: in the section, you will hear a passage three times. when the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. when the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

among the kinds of social gestures most significant for second-language teachers are those which are (26)______ in form but different in meaning in the two cultures. for example, a colombian who wants someone to (27)______ him often signals with a hand movement in which all the fingers of one hand, cupped, point downward as they move rapidly (28)_______. speakers or english have a similar gesture through the hand may not be cupped and the fingers may be held more loosely, but for them the gesture means goodbye or go away, quite the (29)______ of the colombian gesture. again, in colombian, a speaker of english would have to know that when he (30)________ height he most choose between different gestures depending on whether he is (31)_______ a human being or an animal. if he keeps the palm of the hand (32)_________ the floor, as he would in his own culture when making known the height of a child, for example, he will very likely be greeted by laughter, in colombia this gesture is (33)_________ for the description of animals. in order to describe human beings he should keep the palm of his hand (34)_________ to the floor. substitutions of one gesture for the other often create not only humorous but also (35)________ moment. in both of the examples above, speakers from two different cultures have the same gesture, physically, but its meaning differs sharply.

directions: in this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. please mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. you may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000 -year -long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice 36 away. however, we have already reached temperatures that are in 37 with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. we are 38 to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures 39 between 1℃ and 6℃ over the next 100 years. the warming will be more 40 in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. likewise, the 41 of this warming will be very different depending on where you are—coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while siberia and northern canada may become more habitable （宜居的） and 42 for humans than these areas are now.

the fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on 43 ， everywhere. scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend. some scientists 44 that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random （无规律的） variation—some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years 45 —but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

directions: in this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than once. each paragraph is marked with a letter. answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.

the end of the book?

[a] amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on may 19 that it is now selling more books in its electronic kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format. that is remarkable, considering that the kindle has only been around for four years. e-books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in the country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales. e-book sales are up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8 percent.

[b] does this spell the doom of the physical book? certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all. what it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type in the 1450s.

[c] physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace. mass market paperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, “romance fiction,” etc. such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections, either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years. hardback and trade paperbacks for “serious” nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer. perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still published in hard copy.

[d] as for children’s books, who knows? children’s books are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.

[e] for clues to the book’s future, let’s look at some examples of technological change and see what happened to the old technology.

[f] one technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both. the greater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old. printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin. a bible—to be sure, a long book—required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor. before printing arrived, a bible cost more than a middle-class house. there were perhaps 50,000 books in all of europe in 1450. by 1500 there were 10 million.

[g] but while printing quickly caused the hand written book to die out, handwriting lingered on （继续存在） well into the 16th century. very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.

[h]sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old one out, but only parts of it while forcing the rest to evolve. the movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but they didn’t, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce. equally, tv was supposed to replace movies but, again, did not.

[i] movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater. and while tv didn’t kill movies, it did kill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.

[j] nor did tv kill radio. comedy and drama shows （“jack benny,” “amos and andy,” “the shadow”） all migrated to television. but because you can’t drive a car and watch television at the same time, rush hour became radio’s prime, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences. radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.

[k] sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power. mounted cavalry （骑兵） replaced the chariot （二轮战车） on the battlefield around 1000 bc. but chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the roman empire 1,500 years later. the sword hasn’t had a military function for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer’s full-dress uniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer and a gentleman.”

[l] sometimes new technology is a little cranky （不稳定的） at first. television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s, for instance. and so the old technology remains as a backup. steamships captured the north atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greater speed. but steamships didn’t lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down. until ships became large enough （and engines small enough) to mount two engines side by side, they needed to keep sails. (the high cost of steam and the lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.）

[m] then there is the fireplace. central heating was present in every upper-and middle-class home by the second half of the 19th century. but functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartment. i suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of the fire. fire was one of the earliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to cat and digest)。 human control of fire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life.

[n] books—especially books the average person could afford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans. but they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless, a hold extending far beyond their literary content. at their best, they are works of art and there is a tactile（触觉的）pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions. the ability to quickly thumb through pages is also lost. and a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter’s night.

[o] for these reasons i think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict. like swords, books have symbolic power. like fireplaces, they induce a sense of comfort and warmth. and, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful back-up for when the lights go out.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46、 authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.

47、 some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.

48、 the radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.

49、 contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.

50、 remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.

51、 old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.

52、 the increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.

53、 a new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.

54、 paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.

55、 a house with a fireplace has a >

directions: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a)， b)， c) and d)。 you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

questions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.

the question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition（命题），although the current emphasis on preparing young americans for stem(science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields can make it seem that way.

the latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities （人文学科）and social sciences must remain central components of america’s educational system at all levels. both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative（创新的）leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.

parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem “major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.

moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. the ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. the ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the united states.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56、 what does the latest congressional report suggest?

a) stem-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.

b) the humanities and stem subjects should be given equal importance.

c) the liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.

d) higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.

57、 what is the main concern of students when they choose a major?

a) their interest in relevant subjects.

b) the academic value of the courses.

c) the quality of education to receive.

d) their chances of getting a good job.

58、 what does the author say about the so called soft subjects?

a) the benefit students in their future life.

b) they broaden students’ range of interests.

c) they improve students’ communication skills.

d) they are essential to students’ healthy growth.

59、 what kind of job applicants do employers look for?

a) those who have a >

questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

energy independence. it has a nice ring to it. doesn’t it? if you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of american president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.

“energy independence” and its rhetorical （修辞的） companion “energy security” are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely though through. what is it we want independence from, exactly?

most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. but there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.

the first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. yes, there is a trickle（涓涓细流）of biofuel（生物燃料）available, and more may become available, but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.

second, americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. they value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. vast areas of the united states are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. to what extent are americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?

third, there are benefits to trade. it allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. and although you don’t read about this much, the united states is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.

there is no question that the united states imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. when that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, at the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61、 what does the author say about energy independence for america?

a) it sounds very attractive. c) it will bring oil prices down.

b) it ensures national security. d) it has long been everyone’s dream.

62、 what does the author think of biofuels?

a) they keep america’s economy running healthily.

b) they prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.

c) they do not provide a sustainable energy supply.

d) they cause serious damage to the environment.

63、 why does america rely heavily on oil imports?

a) it wants to expand its storage of crude oil.

b) its own oil reserves are quickly running out.

c) it wants to keep its own environment intact.

d) its own oil production falls short of demand.

64、 what does the author say about oil trade?

a) it proves profitable to both sides. c) it makes for economic prosperity.

b) it improves economic efficiency. d) it saves the cost of oil exploration.

65、 what is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

a) to justify america’s dependence on oil imports.

b) to arouse americans’ awareness of the energy crisis.

c) to stress the importance of energy conservation.

d) to explain the increase of international oil trade.

directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from chinese into english. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.

为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和中强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

the first place i will show in my hometown—the central avenue

my hometown is harbin. the most interesting place which i would like to take my foreign friends to is the central avenue, if they come to my hometown. the reasons for this can be illustrated as below.

to begin with, as the symbol of harbin, the central avenue not only has a long history, but also a famous food palace. there are a variety of delicious foods for you to choose. just take the ice-cream brick of ma dieer as an example. many of tourists to the central avenue sing their praises for the ice-cream brick of ma dieer. in addition, the brilliant historic culture of the central avenue can widen people’s vision and enhance their knowledge, which lays a solid foundation for the understanding of this fabulous city—harbin.

i believe my foreign friends will enjoy themselves in the central avenue. not only can they appreciate the wonderful landscape of harbin but also taste authentic northeast food. no better place can be chosen than the central avenue!

1-5: bddcd

6-10: adbac

11-15: acbca

16-20: dabdc

20-25: bcdab

26、 identical

27、 approach

28、 back and forth

29、 opposite

30、 indicates

31、 referring to

32、 parallel to

33、 reserved

34、 at the right angle

35、 embarrassing

part iii reading comprehension

36、 melted

37、 line

38、 contributing

39、 ranging

40、 dramatic

41、 impact

42、 appealing

43、 average

44、 maintain

45、 recently

46、 c physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace…。

47、 n books—especially books the average…

48、 j nor did tv kill radio…

49、 h sometimes a new technology doesn’t…

50、 a amazon, by far the largest…

51、 l sometimes old technology lingers for…

52、 b does this spell the doom of the …。

53、 f one technology replaces another only…

54、 c physical books will surely become much rather…

55、 m then there is the fireplace…

56、 b the humanities and stem subjects should be given equal importance.

57、 d their chances of getting a good job.

58、 a they benefit students in their future life.

59、 d those who have received a well-rounded education.

60、 c prepare themselves for different job options.

61、 a it sounds very attractive.

62、 d they cause serious damage to the environment.

63、 c it wants to keep its own environment intact.

64、 b it improves economic efficiency.

65、 a to justify americas dependence on oil imports.

in order to promote equality in education, china has invested 36 billion yuan to improve educational facilities in rural areas and strengthen rural compulsory education in midwest areas. these funds are used to improve teaching facilities, and purchase books, benefiting more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools. funds are used to purchase musical instrument and painting tools as well. now children in rural and mountainous areas can have music and painting lessons as children from coastal cities do. some students who has transferred to city schools to receive a better education are now moving back to their local rural schools.

如何写四级范文图书七

1、对立观点式

a.有人认为x是好事，赞成x，为什么？

b.有人认为x是坏事，反对x，为什么？

c.我的看法。

some people are in favor of the idea of doing x. they point out the fact that支持x的第一个原因。they also argue that支持x的。另一个原因。

however, other people stand on a different ground. they consider it harmful to do x. they firmly point out that反对x的第一个理由。an example can give the details of this argument:一个例子。

there is some truth in both arguments. but i think the advantages of x overweigh the disadvantages. in addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, x also may x的有一个坏处。

a.一个错误观点。

b.我不同意。

many people argue that错误观点。by saying that, they mean对这个观点的进一步解释。an example they have presented is that一个例子。（according to a survey performed by x on a group of y, almost 80% of them赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。

there might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. but if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that与错误观点相反的观点。there are a number of reasons behind my belief. （以下参照辩论文的议论文写法）。

a.一个社会问题或者现象。

b.产生的原因

c.对社会和我们生活的影响

d.如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）

e.前景的预测。

nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (x has increasingly become a common concern of the public)。 according to a survey,调查内容说明这种现象的情况（或者是一个例子）。

there are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。

x has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达）in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。

a dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent x from bringing us more harm.参照辩论式议论文的写法。

based on the above discussions, i can easily forecast that more and more people will ……。.

1、关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

there are different opinions among people as to ____ 。some people suggest that ____.

2、俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

there is an old saying______. it"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3、现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. first, ____ second,____. what makes things worse is that______.

4、现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

nowadays，it is common to ______. many people like ______ because ______. besides，______.

5、任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6、关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

people’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. some people say that them,_____.

7、人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8、 ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9、 ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10、根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

according to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. obviously，______，but why?