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英文文献摘要范例 文献综述英文摘要格式(8篇)

格式:DOC 上传日期:2023-01-01 10:28:03 页码:8
英文文献摘要范例 文献综述英文摘要格式(8篇)
2023-01-01 10:28:03    小编:ZTFB

人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写,我们一起来看一看吧。

如何写英文文献摘要范例一

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日期:xx年xx月xx日

如何写英文文献摘要范例二

合同号码:

签约日期:

买方:

卖方:

本合同由买卖双方缔结,用中、英文字写成,两种文体具有同等效力,按照下述条款,卖方同意售出买方同意购进以下商品:

「章名」 第一部分

1.商品名称及规格

2.生产国别及制造厂商

3.单价(包装费用包括在内)

4.数量

5.总值

6.包装(适合海洋运输)

7.保险(除非另有协议,保险均由买方负责)

8.装船时间

9.装运口岸

10.目的口岸

11.装运唛头,卖方负责在每件货物上用牢固的不褪色的颜料明显地刷印或标明下述唛头,以及目的口岸、件号、毛重和净重、尺码和其它买方要求的标记。如系危险及/或有毒货物,卖方负责保证在每件货物上明显地标明货物的性质说明及习惯上被接受的标记。

12.付款条件:买方于货物装船时间前一个月通过______银行开出以卖方为抬头的不可撤销信用证,卖方在货物装船启运后凭本合同交货条款第18条a款所列单据在开证银行议付贷款。上述信用证有效期将在装船后15天截止。

13.其它条件:除非经买方同意和接受,本合同其它一切有关事项均按第二部分交货条款之规定办理,该交货条款为本合同不可分的部分,本合同如有任何附加条款将自动地优先执行附加条款,如附加条款与本合同条款有抵触,则以附加条款为准。

「章名」 第二部分

「章名」 /fas条件

14.1.本合同项下货物的装运舱位由买方或买方的运输代理人___________租订。

14.2.在fob条件下,卖方应负责将所订货物在本合同第8条所规定的装船期内按买方所通知的任何日期装上买方所指定的船只。

14.3.在fas条件下,卖方应负责将所订货物在本合同第8条所规定的装船期内按买方所通知的任何日期交到买方所指定船只的吊杆下。

14.4.货物装运日前10-15天,买方应以电报或电传通知卖方合同号、船只预计到港日期、装运数量及船运代理人的名称。以便卖方经与该船运代理人联系及安排货物的装运。卖方应将联系结果通过电报或电传及时报告买方。如买方因故需要变更船只或者船只比预先通知卖方的日期提前或推迟到达装运港口,买方或其船运代理人应及时通知卖方。卖方亦应与买方的运输代理或买方保持密切联系。

14.5.如买方所订船只到达装运港后,卖方不能在买方所通知的装船时间内将货物装上船只或将货物交到吊杆之下,卖方应负担买方的一切费用和损失,如空舱费、滞期费及由此而引起的及/或遭受的买方的一切损失。

14.6.如船只撤换或延期或退关等而未及时通知卖方停止交货,在装港发生的栈租及保险费损失的计算,应以代理通知之装船日期(如货物晚于代理通知之装船日期抵达装港,应以货物抵港日期)为准,在港口免费堆存期满后第十六天起由买方负担,人力不可抗拒的情况除外。上述费用均凭原始单据经买方核实后支付。但卖方仍应在装载货船到达装港后立即将货物装船,交负担费用及风险。

「章名」 15.c&f条件

15.1.卖方在本合同第8条规定的时间之内应将货物装上由装运港到中国口岸的直达船。未经买方事先许可,不得转船。货物不得由悬挂中国港口当局所不能接受的国家旗帜的船装载。

15.2.卖方所租船只应适航和适货。卖方租船时应慎重和认真地选择承运人及船只。买方不接受非保赔协会成员的船只。

15.3.卖方所租载货船只应在正常合理时间内驶达目的港。不得无故绕行或迟延。

15.4.卖方所租载货船只船龄不得超过15年。对超过15年船龄的船只其超船龄额外保险费应由卖方负担。买方不接受船龄超过二十年的船只。

15.5.一次装运数量超过一千吨的货载或其它少于一千吨但买方指明的货载,卖方应在装船日前至少10天用电传或电报通知买方合同号、商品名称、数量、船名、船龄、船籍、船只主要规范、预计装货日、预计到达目的港时间、船公司名称、电传和电报挂号。

15.6.一次装运一千吨以上货载或其它少于一千吨但买方指明的货载,其船长应在该船抵达目的港前7天和24小时分别用电传或电报通知买方预计抵港时间、合同号、商品名称及数量。

15.7.如果货物由班轮装运,载货船只必须是______船级社最高船级或船级协会条款规定的相同级别的船级,船只状况应保持至提单有效期终了时止,以装船日为准船龄不得超过20年。超过20年船龄的船只,卖方应负担超船龄外保险费。买方绝不接受超过25年船龄的船只。

15.8.对于散件货,如果卖方未经买方事前同意而装入集装箱,卖方应负责向买方支付赔偿金,由双方在适当时间商定具体金额。

15.9.卖方应和载运货物的船只保持密切联系,并以最快的手段通知买方船只在途中发生的一切事故,如因卖方未及时通知买方而造成买方的一切损失卖方应负责赔偿。

「章名」 条件

在cif条件下,除本合同第15条c&f条件适用之外卖方负责货物的保险,但不允许有免赔率。

「章名」 17.装船通知

货物装船完毕后48小时内,卖方应即以电报或电传通知买方合同号、商品名称、所装重量(毛/净)或数量、发票价值、船名、装运口岸、开船日期及预计到达目的港时间。如因卖方未及时用电报或电传给买方以上述装船通知而使买方不能及时保险,卖方负责赔偿买方由此而引起的一切损害及/或损失。

「章名」 18.装船单据

18.a.卖方凭下列单据向付款银行议付货款:

18.a.1.填写通知目的口岸的__________运输公司的空白抬头、空白背书的全套已装运洋轮的清洁提单(如系c&f/cif条款则注明“运费已付”,如系fob/fas条款则注明“运费待收”)。

18.a.2.由信用证受益人签名出具的发票5份,注明合同号、信用证号、商品名称、详细规格及装船唛头标记。

18.a.3.两份由信用证受益人出具的装箱单及/或重量单,注明每件货物的毛重和净重及/或尺码。

18.a.4.由制造商及/或装运口岸的合格、独立的公证行签发的品质检验证书及数量或重量证书各两份,必须注明货物的全部规格与信用证规定相符。

18.a.5.本交货条件第17条规定的装船通知电报或电传副本一份。

18.a.6.证明上述单据的副本已按合同要求寄出的书信一封。

18.a.7.运货船只的国籍已经买主批准的书信一封。

18.a.8.如系卖方保险需提供投保不少于发票价值110%的一切险和战争险的保险单。

18.b.不接受影印、自动或电脑处理、或复印的任何正本单据,除非这些单据印有清晰的“正本”字样,并经发证单位授权的领导人手签证明。

18.c.联运提单、迟期提单、简式提单不能接受。

18.d.受益人指定的第三者为装船者不能接受,除非该第三者提单由装船者背书转受益人,再由受赠人背书后方可接受。

18.e.信用证开立日期之前出具的单据不能接受。

18.f.对于c&f/cif货载,不接受租船提单,除非受益人提供租船合同、船长或大副收据、装船命令、货物配载图及或买方在信用证内所要求提供的其它单据副本各一份。

18.g.卖方须将提单、发票及装箱单各两份副本随船带交目的口岸的买方收货代理人_______________。

18.h.载运货船启碇后,卖方须立即航空邮寄全套单据副本一份给买方,三份给目的口岸的对外贸易运输公司分公司。

18.i.卖方应负责赔偿买方因卖方失寄或迟寄上述单据而使买方遭受的一切损失。

18.j.中华人民共和国境外的银行费用由卖方负担。

「章名」 19.合同所订货物如用空运,则本合同有关海运的一切条款均按空运条款执行。

「章名」 20.危险品说明书

凡属危险品及/或有毒,卖方必须提供其危险或有毒性能、运输、仓储和装卸注意事项以及防治、急救、消防方法的说明书,卖方应将此项说明书各三份随同其他装船单据航空邮寄给买方及目的口岸的____________________运输公司。

「章名」 21.检验和索赔

货物在目的口岸卸毕60天内(如果用集装箱装运则在开箱后60天)经中国进出口商品检验局复验,如发现品质、数量或重量以及其它任何方面与本合同规定不符,除属于保险公司或船行负责者外,买方有权凭上述检验局出具的检验证书向卖方提出退货或索赔。因退货或索赔引起的一切费用包括检验费、利息及损失均由卖方负担。在此情况下,凡货物适于抽样及寄送时如卖方要求,买方可将样品寄交卖方。

「章名」 22.赔偿费

因“人力不可抗拒”而推迟或不能交货者除外,如果卖方不能交货或不能按合同规定的条件交货,卖方应负责向买方赔偿由此而引起的一切损失和遭受的损害,包括买价及/或买价的差价、空舱费、滞期费,以及由此而引起的直接或间接损失。买方有权撤销全部或部分合同,但并不妨碍买方向卖方提出索赔的权利。

「章名」 23.赔偿例外

由于一般公认的“人力不可抗拒”原因而不能交货或延迟交货,卖方或买方都不负责任。但卖方应在事故发生后立即用电报或电传告买方并在事故发生后15天内航空邮寄买方灾害发生地点之有关政府机关或商会所出具的证明,证实灾害存在。如果上述“人力不可抗拒”继续存在60天以上,买方有权撤销合同的全部或一部。

「章名」 24.仲裁

双方同意对一切因执行和解释本合同条款所发生的争议,努力通过友好协商解决。在争议发生之日起一个合理的时间内,最多不超过90天,协商不能取得对买卖双方都满意的结果时,如买方决定不向他认为合适的有管辖权的法院提出诉讼,则该争议应提交仲裁。除双方另有协议,仲裁应在中国北京举行,并按中国国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会所制订的仲裁规则和程序进行仲裁,该仲裁为终局裁决,对双方均有约束力。仲裁费用除非另有决定,由败诉一方负担。

卖方:                        买方:

英文:

「名称」 1. purchase contract

「题注」

「章名」 whole doc.

contract no:

date:

the buyer:

the seller:

the contract, made out, in chinese and english, both version being

equally authentic, by and between the seller and the buyer whereby the

seller agrees to sell and the buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned goods

subject to terms and conditions set forth hereinafter as follows:

「章名」 section 1

1 name of commodity and specification

2 country of origin & manufacturer

3 unit price (packing charges included)

4 quantity

5 total value

6 packing (seaworthy)

7 insurance (to be covered by the buyer unless otherwise)

8 time of shipment

9 port of loading

10 port of destination mark shown as below in addition to the port of destination, package number, gross and net weights, measurements and other marks as the buyer may require stencilled or marked conspicuously with fast and unfailing pigments on each package. in the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo (es), the seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.

12 terms of payment: one month prior to the time of shipment the buyer shall open with the bank of _______an irrevocable letter of credit in favour of the seller payable at the issuing bank against presentation of documents as stipulated under clause 18. a. of section ii, the terms of delivery of this contract after departure of the carrying vessel. the said letter of credit shall remain in force til the 15th day after shipment.

13 other terms: unless otherwise agreed and accepted by the buyer, all other matters related to this contract shall be governed by section ii, the terms of delivery which shall form an integral part of this contract. any supplementary terms and conditions that may be attached to this contract shall automatically prevail over the terms and conditions of this contract if such supplementary terms and conditions come in conflict with terms and conditions herein and shall be binding upon both parties.

for the seller for the buyer

「章名」 section 2

「章名」 14 fob/fas terms

14.1 the shipping space for the contracted goods shall be booked by the buyer or the buyer‘s shipping agent __________.

14.2 under fob terms, the seller shall undertake to load the contracted goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer on any date notified by the buyer, within the time of shipment as stipulated in clause 8 of this contract.

14.3 under fas terms, the seller shall undertake to deliver the contracted goods under the tackle of the vessel nominated by the buyer on any date notified by the buyer, within the time of shipment as stipulated in clause 8 of this contract.

14.4 10-15 days prior to the date of shipment, the buyer shall inform the seller by cable or telex of the contract number, name of vessel, eta of vessel, quantity to be loaded and the name of shipping agent, so as to enable the seller to contact the shipping agent direct and arrange the shipment of the goods. the seller shall advise by cable or telex in time the buyer of the result thereof. should, for certain reasons, it become necessary for the buyer to replace the named vessel with another one, or should the named vessel arrive at the port of shipment earlier or later than the date of arrival as previously notified to the seller, the buyer or its shipping agent shall advise the seller to this effect in due time. the seller shall also keep in close contact with the agent or the buyer.

14.5 should the seller fail to load the goods on board or to deliver the goods under the tackle of the vessel booked by the buyer. within the time as notified by the buyer, after its arrival at the port of shipment the seller shall be fully liable to the buyer and responsible for all losses and expenses such as dead freight, demurrage. consequential losses incurred upon and/or suffered by the buyer.

14.6 should the vessel be withdrawn or replaced or delayed eventually or the cargo be shut out etc., and the seller be not informed in good time to stop delivery of the cargo, the calculation of the loss in storage expenses and insurance premium thus sustained at the loading port shall be based on the loading date notified by the agent to the seller (or based on the date of the arrival of the cargo at the loading port in case the cargo should arrive there later than the notified loading date)。 the abovementioned loss to be calculated from the 16th day after expiry of the free storage time at the port should be borne by the buyer with the exception of force majeure. however, the seller shall still undertake to load the cargo immediately upon the carrying vessel‘s arrival at the loading port at its own risk and expenses. the payment of the afore-said expenses shall be effected against presentation of the original vouchers after the buyer’s verification.

「章名」 15 c&f terms

15.1 the seller shall ship the goods within the time as stipulated in clause 8 of this contract by a direct vessel sailing from the port of loading to china port. transhipment on route is not allowed without the buyer‘s prior consent. the goods shall not be carried by vessels flying flags of countries not acceptable to the port authorities of china.

15.2 the carrying vessel chartered by the seller shall be seaworthy and cargoworthy. the seller shall be obliged to act prudently and conscientiously when selecting the vessel and the carrier when chartering such vessel. the buyer is justified in not accepting vessels chartered by the seller that are not members of the piclub.

15.3 the carrying vessel chartered by the seller shall sail and arrive at the port of destination within the normal and reasonable period of time. any unreasonable aviation or delay is not allowed.

15.4 the age of the carrying vessel chartered by the seller shall not exceed 15 years. in case her age exceeds 15 years, the extra average insurance premium thus incurred shall be borne by the seller. vessel over 20 years of age shall in no event be acceptable to the buyer.

15.5 for cargo lots over 1,000 m/t each, or any other lots less than 1,000 metric tons but identified by the buyer, the seller shall, at least 10 days prior to the date of shipment, inform the buyer by telex or cable of the following information: the contract number, the name of commodity, quantity, the name of the carrying vessel, the age, nationality, and particulars of the carrying vessel, the expected date of loading, the expected time of arrival at the port of destination, the name, telex and cable address of the carrier.

15.6 for cargo lots over 1,000 m/t each, or any other lots less than 1,000 metric tons but identified by the buyer, the master of the carrying vessel shall notify the buyer respectively 7 (seven) days and 24 (twenty-four) hours prior to the arrival of the vessel at the port of destination, by telex or cable about its eta (expected time of arrival), contract number, the name of commodity, and quantity.

15.7 if goods are to be shipped per liner vessel under liner bill of lading, the carrying vessel must be classified as the highest ____________ or equivalent class as per the institute classification clause and shall be so maintained throughout the duration of the relevant bill of lading. nevertheless, the maximum age of the vessel shall not exceed 20 years at the date of loading. the seller shall bear the average insurance premium for liner vessel older than 20 years. under no circum -stances shall the buyer accept vessel over 25 years of age.

15.8 for break bulk cargoes, if goods are shipped in containers by the seller without prior consent of the buyer, a compensation of a certain amount to be agreed upon by both parties shall be payable to the buyer by the seller.

15.9 the seller shall maintain close contact with the carrying vessel and shall notify the buyer by fastest means of communication about any and all accidents that may occur while the carrying vessel is on route. the seller shall assume full responsibility and shall compensate the buyer for all losses incurred for its failure to give timely advice or notification to the buyer.

「章名」 16 cif terms:

under cif terms, besides clause 15 c&f terms of this contract which shall be applied the seller shall be responsible for covering the cargo with relevant insurance with irrespective percentage.

「章名」 17 advice of shipment:

within 48 hours immediately after completion of loading of goods on board the vessel the seller shall advise the buyer by cable or telex of the contract number, the name of goods, weight (net/gross) or quantity loaded, invoice value, name of vessel, port of loading, sailing date and expected time of arrival (eta) at the port of destination. should the buyer be unable to arrange insurance in time owing to the seller‘s failure to give the above mentioned advice of shipment by cable or telex, the seller shall be held responsible for any and all damages and/or losses attributable to such failure.

「章名」 18 shipping documents

18.a the seller shall present the following documents to the paying bank for negotiation of payment:

18.a.1 full set of clean on board, “freight prepaid” for c&f/cif terms or “freight to collect” for fob/fas terms, ocean bills of lading, made out to order and blank endorsed, notifying ___________at the port of destination.

18.a.2 five copies of signed invoice, indicating contract number, l/c number, name of commodity, full specifications, and shipping mark, signed and issued by the beneficiary of letter of credit.

18.a.3 two copies of packing list and/or weight memo with indication of gross and net weight of each package and/or measurements issued by beneficiary of letter of credit.

18.a.4 two copies each of the certificates of quality and quantity or weight issued by the manufacturer and/or a qualified independent surveyor at the loading port and must indicate full specifications of goods conforming to stipulations in letter of credit.

18.a.5 one duplicate copy of the cable or telex advice of shipment as stipulated in clause 17 of the terms of delivery.

18.a.6 a letter attesting that extra copies of abovementioned documents have been dispatched according to the contract.

18.a.7 a letter attesting that the nationality of the carrying vessel has been approved by the buyer.

18.a.8 the relevant insurance policy covering, but not limited to at least 110% of the invoice value against all and war risks if the insurance is covered by the buyer.

18.b any original document(s) made by rephotographic system, automated or computerized system or carbon copies shall not be acceptable unless they are clearly marked as “original.” and certified with signatures in hand writing by authorised officers of the issuing company or corporation.

18.c through bill of lading, stale bill of lading, short form bill of lading, shall not be acceptable.

18.d third party appointed by the beneficiary as shipper shall not be acceptable unless such third party bill of lading is made out to the order of shipper and endorsed to the beneficiary and blank endorsed by the beneficiary.

18.e documents issued earlier than the opening date of letter of credit shall not be acceptable.

18.f in the case of c&f/cif shipments, charter party bill of lading shall not be acceptable unless beneficiary provides one copy each of the charter party, master‘s of mate’s receipt, shipping order and cargo or stowage plan and/or other documents called for in the letter of credit by the buyer.

18.g the seller shall dispatch, in care of the carrying vessel, two copies each of the duplicates of bill of lading. invoice and packing list to the buyer‘s receiving agent, _______________at the port of destination.

18.h immediately after the departure of the carrying vessel, the seller shall airmail one set of the duplicate documents to the buyer and three sets of the same to ______________________________ transportation corporation at the port of destination.

18.i the seller shall assume full responsibility and be liable to the buyer and shall compensate the buyer for all losses arising from going astray of and/or the delay in the dispatch of the above mentioned documents.

18.j banking charges outside the people‘s republic of china shall be for the seller’s account.

「章名」 19 if the goods under this contract are to be dispatched by air, all the terms and conditions of this contract in connection with ocean transportation shall be governed by relevant air terms.

「章名」 20 instruction leaflets on dangerous cargo: for dangerous and/or poisonous cargo, the seller must provide instruction leaflets stating the hazardous or poisonous properties, transportation, storage and handling remarks, as well as precautionary and first-air measures and measures against fire. the seller shall airmail, together with other shipping documents, three copies each of the same to the buyer and___________________ transportation corporation at the port of destination.

「章名」 21 inspection & claims:

in case the quality, quantity or weight of the goods be found not in conformity with those as stipulated in this contract upon re-inspection by the china commodity import and export inspection bureau within 60 days after completion of the discharge of the goods at the port of destination or, if goods are shipped in containers, 60 days after the opening of such containers, the buyer shall have the right to request the seller to take back the goods or lodge claims against the seller for compensation for losses upon the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the said bureau, with the exception of those claims for which the insurers or owners of the carrying vessel are liable, all expenses including but not limited to inspection fees, interest, losses arising from the return of the goods or claims shall be borne by the seller. in such a case, the buyer may, if so requested, send a sample of the goods in question to the seller, provided that sampling and sending of such sample is feasible.

「章名」 22 damages:

with the exception of late delivery or non-delivery due to “force majeure” causes, if the seller fails to make delivery of the goods in accordance with the terms and conditions, jointly or severally, of this contract, the seller shall be liable to the buyer and indemnify the buyer for all losses, damages, including but not limited to, purchase price and/or purchase price differentials, deadfreight, demurrage, and all consequential direct or indirect losses. the buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the buyer‘s right to claim compensations.

「章名」 23 force majeure:

neither the seller or the buyer shall be held responsible for late delivery or non-delivery owing to generally recognized “force majeure”causes. however in such a case, the seller shall immediately advise by cable or telex the buyer of the accident and airmail to the buyer within 15 days after the accident, a certificate of the accident issued by the competent government authority or the chamber of commerce which is located at the place where the accident occurs as evidence thereof. if the said “force majeure” cause lasts over 60 days, the buyer shall have the right to cancel the whole or the undelivered part of the order for the goods as stipulated in contract.

「章名」 24 arbitration:

both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation. if a dispute cannot be resolved in this manner to the satisfaction of the seller and the buyer within a reasonable period of time, maximum not exceeding 90 days after the date of the notification of such dispute, the case under dispute shall be submitted to arbitration if the buyer should decide not to take the case to court at a place of jurisdiction that the buyer may deem appropriate. unless otherwise agreed upon by both parties, such arbitration shall be held in ________, and shall be governed by the rules and procedures of arbitration stipulated by the foreign trade arbitration commission of the china council for the promotion of international trade. the decision by such arbitration shall be accepted as final and binding upon both parties. the arbitration fees shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded.

如何写英文文献摘要范例三

亲爱的xx:

感谢您去年对我们公司的支持。我们非常感谢我们的合作。我们希望明年能继续我们良好的业务关系和互动。

真诚地

给客户的英文推荐信二亲爱的鲍勃(或史密斯先生或鲍勃·史密斯),

感谢您选择xx清洁服务(或您公司的名称)。您的业务受到赞赏,我们很荣幸成为您的新清洁服务(您的服务)提供商(也称为公司)。再次感谢。

推荐人:

日期:xx年xx月xx日

如何写英文文献摘要范例四

(1)连续出版物:作者。文题[j]。刊名,年,卷号(期号):起~止页码。

(2)专著:作者。书名[m]。出版地:出版者,出版年:起~止页码。

(3)会议论文集:作者。文题[a]。见(英文用in):主编。论文集名[c] 。(供选择项:会议名,会址,开会年)出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码。

(4)学位论文:作者。文题[d]。保存地:保存单位,年份。

(5)专利:专利所有者。专利题名[p]。专利国别:专利号,发布日期:。

(6)国际、国家标准:标准代号。标准名称[s]。出版地:出版者,出版年:。

(7)报纸文章:作者。文献题名[n]。报纸名,出版年,月(日):版次。

(8)报告:作者。文题[r]。报告地:报告会主办单位,年份:。

(9)电子文献:作者。电子文献题名[文献类型/载体类型]。:电子文献的出版或可获得地址(电子文献地址用文字表述),发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选) :。 参考文献著录中的文献类别代码:

普通图书:m;会议录:c;汇编:g;报纸:n;期刊:j;学位论文:d;报告:r;标准:s;专利:p;数据库:db;计算机程序:cp;电子公告:eb/ol 示例:

[1]袁庆龙,候文义。ni-p合金镀层组织形貌及显微硬度研究[j]。太原理工大学学

报,2001,32(1):51-53.

[2]刘国钧,郑如斯。中国书的故事[m]。北京:中国青年出版社,1979:115. [3]孙品一。高校学报编辑工作现代化特征[a]。见:中国高等学校自然科学学报研

究会。科技编辑学论文集(2)[c]。北京:北京师范大学出版社,1998:10-22. [4]罗云。安全科学理论体系的发展及趋势探讨[a]。见:白春华,何学秋,吴宗之。21

世纪安全科学与技术的。发展趋势[m]。北京:科学出版社,2000:1-5.

[5]张和生。地质力学系统理论[d]。太原:太原理工大学,1998.

[6]冯西桥。核反应堆压力容器的lbb分析[r]。北京:清华大学核能技术设计研

究院,1997.

[7]姜锡洲。一种温热外敷药制备方案[p]。中国专利:881056078,1983-08-12. [8]gb/t 16159—1996.汉语拼音正词法基本规则[s]。北京:中国标准出版社,

1996、

[9]谢希德。创造学习的思路[n]。人民日报,1998,12(25):10.

[10]姚伯元。毕业设计(论文)规范化管理与培养学生综合素质[eb/ol]。:

学位论文

【格式】[序号]作者。篇名[d]。出版地:保存者,出版年份:起始页码。

【举例】

[11] 张筑生。微分半动力系统的不变集[d]。北京:北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983:1-7.

6、研究报告

【格式】[序号]作者。篇名[r]。出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码。

【举例】

[12] 冯西桥。核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的lbb分析[r]。北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997:9-10.

7、条例

【格式】[序号]颁布单位。条例名称。发布日期

【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会。科学技术期刊管理办法[z]。1991—06—05

8、译著

【格式】[序号]原著作者。 书名[m]。译者,译。出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码。

三、注释

注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。

四、参考文献

参考文献与文中注(王小龙,2005)对应。标号在标点符号内。多个都需要标注出来,而不是1-6等等 ,并列写出来。

最后,引用毕业论文属于学位论文,如格式5

学位论文

【格式】[序号]作者。篇名[d]。出版地:保存者,出版年份:起始页码。

【举例】

[11] 张筑生。微分半动力系统的不变集[d]。北京:北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983:1-7.

如何写英文文献摘要范例五

文献检索报告:

多用户多方式随机交通分配模型的优化

(2008级经管学院,交通运输规划与管理刘金行)

1. 摘要:

为了实现交通网络混合交通流随机平衡分配,分析了广义费用下多用户多方式的路径选择机理与网络平衡条件及信息条件下多用户多方式对路径选择的影响特征,运用数学规划理论,建立了基于信息条件的随机混合交通平衡分配模型,并证明了模型解的等价性与唯一性。

自1956年backman提出等价的交通流分配模型以后,对交通网络平衡模型的深入研究就越来越成为交通网络平衡配流的热点,所建立的模型也越来越客观。传统的路径选择行为假设网络上只有一种车种,或认为网络上所有出行者在选择路径时所遵守的准则是一样的;而现实中的交通网络是一个高度混合的网络,不仅有着多种多样的交通方式存在,对于每个出行者,其出行路径选择的依据也不一样。如有的出行者由于安装有先进的交通信息系统(atis),其能够很准确地知道网络上的交通阻抗,这些用户在选择路径时始终是选择最短的出行路径;而对于没有使用atis的用户,其是按照经验随机地进行路径选择的。当考虑实际交通网络上存在多种交通方式情况时,交通网络平衡状态必然能够更加真实地反映客观现实中的交通网络。文献分析了在信息条件下两种准则的配流问题,其中的核心假设就是认为使用atis的用户按照确定的用户最优配流原则分配流量,而未使用atis的用户按照随机配流原则分配流量。本文认为无论是网络上的用户使用atis还是未使用atis,他们都不能够准确地知道网络上的交通状况。当然使用atis的用户对网络交通信息的掌握程度比未使用atis的用户高,其在路径选择时也会更加精确。本文针对上述问题,考虑将网络上的用户种类分成两种类型,并且进一步考虑这两种用户分别使用公共交通方式与使用私人交通方式时的情形,建立相应的随机混合交通配流模型。

2. 关键词:交通网络;信息条件;多用户多方式;交通分配

key words:traffic network; information conditions; multi-user and multi-mode; trafficassignmen

3. 检索过程及路径:

概念的界定:交通信息系统、交通方式、随机分配

3.1 书库查询:

1.王英杰等编著《交通gis及其在its中的应用》中国铁道出版社 2004.10种类:中文图书 索书号:u491/w432

2、 邵春福主编《交通规划原理》 中国铁道出版社 2004.4

种类:中文图书 索书号:u491.1/s325

3.毛保华等编著《交通规划模型及其应用》中国铁道出版社 19990301种类:中文图书 索书号:u49/3

4.陆化普编著《交通规划理论与方法》清华大学出版社 1998.3

种类:中文图书 索书号:u491.1/l844

5.陆化普, 石京编著《交通规划习题集》 清华大学出版社 2006

种类:中文图书 索书号:u491.1-44/l844

6.王殿海主编《交通流理论》人民交通出版社 2002.8

种类:中文图书 索书号:u491.1/w142

7.高自友, 任华玲著《城市动态交通流分配模型与算法》人民交通出版社 2005

种类:中文图书 索书号:u491.1/g218

8.朱顺应《交通流参数及交通事件》东南大学出版社 2008.5

种类:中文图书 索书号:u491.1/z878

3.2中文数据库检索:

3.2.1中国期刊全文数据库(2003-2009):

篇名/关键词/摘要: 交通信息系统,命中408篇;

交通方式,命中254篇;

随机分配,命中47篇。

(cnki知识网络服务平台kns4.0 中国学术期刊(光盘版)电子杂志社)

3.2.2中文科技期刊数据库(2003-2009):

篇名/关键词/摘要:交通信息系统,命中112篇;

交通方式,命中427篇;

随机分配,命中83篇。(维普资讯)

3.2.3中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库(2003-2009):

中文题名:交通信息系统,命中118篇;

交通方式,命中28篇;

随机分配,命中3篇。

3.2.4中国博士学位论文全文数据库(2003-2009):

中文题名、关键词:交通信息系统,命中2篇;

交通方式,命中1篇;

随机分配,命中2篇。

3.2.5部分检索文献(论文):

优秀硕士论文:

1、 浅谈交通方式构成与交通衔接设施规划的关系王蓉蓉; 袁振洲北京交通大学交通运输学院2006-07-05

2.巢式logit模型在交通方式选择行为中的应用刘振; 周溪召上海海事大学经济管理学院2006-10-24

3.基于生态交通的城市交通方式结构优化研究管菊香武汉理工大学2008-05-14

博士学位论文:

1、 城市形态、交通模式和居民出行方式研究李海峰东南大学2007-03-06

2、 多信息融合的城市交通监控系统若干关键技术研究曾锐利天津大学2008-11-19

报刊文章:

1、 周华,陶志兴 从交通方式结构探讨福州城市交通可持续发展福州市规划院交通所;2008-07-16

2.葛亮,王炜,邓卫,王辛。基于可持续发展的城市客运交通方式分担率预测模型研究公路交通科技, 2004,(08)

3.李亚军,杨忠振。 城市交通规划中的交通方式结构[j]大连海事大学学报(社会科学版), 2005,(04)

4.陆化普,殷亚峰。 规划理论的非集计分析方法及其应用[j]公路交通科技, 1996,(01)

5.李军,朱顺应,王红,李安勋,严新平。 基于rp/sp联合数据的非集计模型应用研究[j]铁道科学与工程学报, 2007,(01)

6.项贻强,王福建,朱兴一。 生态交通的理念及策略研究[j]华东公路, 2005,(04)

7.贾洪飞,隽志才,张枭雄,倪安宁。 高速公路后评价油耗指标的确定与对比[j]吉林大学学报(工学版), 2004,(02)

8.吕慎,田锋,李旭宏。 我国大城市客运交通结构发展模式研究——应用层次分析—主成分分析组合评判法[j]土木工程学报, 2003,(01)

9.王正,刘安,郑萍。 广义logit交通方式划分预测方法[j]同济大学学报(自然科学版), 1999,(03)

10陆化普,王建伟,张鹏。 基于能源消耗的城市交通结构优化[j]清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2004,(03)

3.3 外文查询:

3.3.1网络google学术 搜索:

标题、英语、pdf――

traffic network:英文 网页中,约有 8,770 项符合 在标题: traffic network 的查询结果

information conditions:英文 网页中,约有 1,830 项符合 在标题: information conditions 的查询结果

multi-user and multi-mode:约有 724 项符合 multi-user and multi-mode 的查询结果

3.3.2数据库springer link搜索:

关键词(期刊文章以及图书章节)——

traffic network:共 24,481 条

information conditions:共 436,059 条

multi-user and multi-mode:共 38 条

3.3.3部分期刊论文:

1.enabling components for multi-standard software radio base stationswireless personal communications, volume 13, numbers 1-2 / 2000年5月

2.project-driven planning and scheduling support for virtual manufacturingjournal of intelligent manufacturing, volume 17, number/ 2006年12月

3.challenges of higher speed wireless internet access ahmad bahaithe international series in engineering and computer science, wireless multimedia network technologies

如何写英文文献摘要范例六

自我介绍范文 | 简短的自我介绍 | 一分钟自我介绍 | 英文自我介绍

交流式自我介绍的内容,大体应当包括介绍者的姓名、工作、籍贯、学历、兴趣以及与交往对象的某些熟人的关系等等。但它们非定要面面俱到,而应依照具体情况而定。例如:

“我叫邢冬松,在北京吉普有限公司工作。我是清华大学汽车工程系90级的,我想咱们是校友,对吗?”

“我的名字叫沙静,在天马公司当财务总监,我和您先生是高中同学”。

“我叫甄鹂鸣,天津人。我刚才听见你在唱蒋大为的歌,他是我们天津人,我特喜欢他唱的歌,你也喜欢吗?”

(4)礼仪式

礼仪式的自我介绍,适用于讲座、报告、演出、庆典、仪式等一些正规而隆重的场合。它是一种意在表示对交往对象友好、敬意的自我介绍。

礼仪式的自我介绍的内容,亦包含姓名、单位、职务等项,但是还应多加入一些适宜的谦辞、敬语,以示自己礼待交往对象。例如:

如何写英文文献摘要范例七

xx经理:

好您!

俺写此信应聘贵司公招聘的经理助理职位。俺很高兴地在招聘网站得知你们的招聘广告,并一直期望能有机会加盟贵司公。

两年前俺毕业于首都经济贸易学大国际贸易业,在校期间学到了许多业专知识,如国际贸易,国际贸易实务,国际商务谈判,国际贸易法,外经贸英文等课程。毕业后,就职于一家外贸司公,从事市场助理作工,主要是协助经理制定作工计划、一些外联作工、以及文件、档案的管理作工。本人具备一定的管理和策划能力,熟悉各种办公软件的操作,英文熟练,略懂日语。俺深信可以胜任贵司公经理助理之职。

个人历简及相关材料一并附上,希望您能感到俺是该职位的有力竞争者,并希望能尽快收到面试通知,俺的联系电话:139********

感谢您阅读此信并考虑俺的应聘要求!

致此

礼敬!

您真诚的朋友:

xxxx年x月x月

如何写英文文献摘要范例八

参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下:

m——专著 c——论文集 n——报纸文章

j——期刊文章 d——学位论文 r——报告

对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“z”标识。

对于英文论文参考文献,还应注意以下两点:

①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则,具体格式是: 姓,名字的首字母。 如: malcolm richard cowley 应为:cowley, m.r.,如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:frank norris 与irving gordon应为:norris, f. & .;

②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:mastering english literature,english weekly。

【格式】[序号]作者。篇名[j]。刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码。

[1] heider, e.r.& . the structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages

[j]。 foreign language teaching and research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.

【格式】[序号]作者。书名[m]。出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码。

[1] gill, r. mastering english literature [m]。 london: macmillan, 1985: 42-45.

【格式】[序号]作者。篇名[n]。报纸名,出版日期(版次)。

【格式】[序号]作者。篇名[c]。出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码。

[1] spivak,g. “can the subaltern speak?”[a]。 in & l. grossberg(eds.)。 victory in limbo: imigism [c]。 urbana: university of illinois press, 1988, pp.271-313.

[2] almarza, g.g. student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [a]。 in <>n and ds (eds.)。 teacher learning in language teaching [c]。 new york: cambridge university press. 1996. pp.50-78.

【格式】[序号]作者。篇名[d]。出版地:保存者,出版年份:起始页码。

【格式】[序号]作者。篇名[r]。出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码。

【格式】[序号]颁布单位。条例名称。发布日期

【格式】[序号]原著作者。 书名[m]。译者,译。出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码。

注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的。进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。

参考文献与文中注(王小龙,2005)对应。标号在标点符号内。多个都需要标注出来,而不是1-6等等 ,并列写出来。

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