四级论对外开放政策如何写 论对外开放政策论文(6篇)

在日常学习、工作或生活中，大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧，通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想，聚集在一块。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写？这里我整理了一些优秀的范文，希望对大家有所帮助，下面我们就来了解一下吧。

2023年四级论对外开放政策如何写一

市面上四级复习资料可谓是五花八门，这些资料有优有劣，在最后的冲刺阶段四级的考生们更应该选取最优的复习资料。最后一个月的时间建议各位考生选取20xx年6月到20xx年6月的真题来进行练习，考生可以登录微博搜索：周祖竣，就能下载历年四级考试听力部分的真题进行练习了。选取真题练习，考生们才能更好的把握四级听力出题的规律，通过大量的真题练习才能真正掌握应对四级听力的考试技巧。

二、每天坚持听力练习1小时是持续提分的必要条件

成功在于坚持，在最后的一个月时间里，考生们应该合理安排好自己的时间，养成良好的作息习惯。听力练习方面，每天坚持练习听力1小时，听力即可提高。在练习时考生注意分配好这1个小时，听力考试听音的时间是30分钟左右，同学们应该先用30分钟的时间模拟听力考试场景，做真题。做完真题后再用30分钟的时间对听力原文进行分析，没有做对的题应该认真思考，找出自己的问题，如题目做不对到底是单词不懂还是短语不懂，还是能看懂却听不懂。如果是单词、短语还不懂的考生应该抽出1到2小时的时间解决基础问题——背单词。而能看懂原文却听不懂的考生属于：能看不能听型，在练习的时候要多听英语的的材料，适应英文以听力呈现的出来的形式。

三、掌握练习听力真题的正确方法是提分的秘密武器

解决了选材和用时两个基本的问题之后，我们再来看一下什么样的练习方式才能更好的帮助考生们提分，在做题的时候应该注意一些什么方面才能得到更高的分数呢?

1、短对话练习技巧与突破方法

考生在练习段对话的时候要注意一个核心的问题：短对话并非听到什么选什么，如果一个你看到的选项和听到的原文的内容及其相似的时候，很有可能这个选项偷换了主语或者改变了时态来干扰大家的选择。所以短对话重在理解后选出同义替换。短对话一般来说答案都是原文听到的关键句的同义替换，关键句题型各位考生注意短对话的第二句话。另外建议各位考生多留意短对话原文材料中出现的较难的名词、形容词、动词和副词外加动词短语，这些词和短语很有可能出现在最后一个部分——复合式听写当中。

2、长对话和短文练习技巧与突破方法

考生在练习时应当将长对话和短文放在一起进行练习，因为这两个部分的考试所呈现出来的规律和技巧是几乎一致的。长对话和短文的篇幅和信息量都比较大，所以在考试的过程中呈现出试听一致的原则。也就是说考生在看到的选项和听到的原文的内容基本相同的这个选项一般来说是正确选项。所以在长对话和短文的解题过程中要求大家要一边看选项一边听录音。在看选项的时候考生们注意看选项中出现的动词、形容词和副词，如果在原文中你又听到了选项中出现的动词、形容词和副词的话该选项很有可能就是正确答案。很多考生疑惑为什么不能看名词，因为名词经常做主语，而主语经常容易被替换，故如果有考生对句子成分划分不清楚时，就给大家介绍更简单的方法，也就是留意选项中的动词、形容词和副词，在原文当中被读到这些词的选项才正确。

再次提醒考生在听长对话和短文的时候仔细听因果关系，出现因果关系联系词的那句，选项中有非常相近几乎一样的句子就选出来。除了因果关系外转折关系也是预示答案的关键词，一般转折关系出现后的下一句跟答案有关，听到这一句选项中又有一样的就可以选出来。最后还有在原文中反复听到多次的词在选项中也的话，该选项是正确答案的几率极高。

3、复合式听写练习技巧与突破方法

考生在练习复合式听写时注意把握好时间，一个单词如果一时想不起拼写可以先缩写辅音字母，先继续往下听，如果纠结于上一个词的拼写很容易错过下一个词。上个词可录音播放第二遍时再补全。

其次考生在听写单词时要注意名词的单复数，动词的时态以及首字母的大小写，这些都是往年四级考试对单词的考察点。新题型改革后每个单词由原来的0.5分变成了1分一个，如果会写单词但忽略了听到的单词的形式而丢分就很不值当了。

最后很多考生会问，四级考试4000单词，我要会写哪些词才能在最后的填词题中得到高分呢?复习有没有针对性的重点词呢?其实是有的，首先填词的的特点就是反复考曾经考过的词，所以考生们先把历年考过的真题填词题中的单词先背下来，这些单词大家也可在 @周祖竣 的微博中下载。其次填词题中的单词大多来自于历年四级听力真题短对话中较难的名词、动词、形容词及副词，所以再次提醒广大考生一定要认真分析短对话的原文，把里面一些较难的单词摘抄下来记忆。

复合式听写考查考生的基础实力，希望各位考生不要放弃最后一道题，多积累单词就可以让复合式听写变成自己的提分项。

通过以上的教给大家的新四级听力一个月的复习计划，希望大家能够牢记，努力的把它做好，正面迎接四级听力部分吧。

2023年四级论对外开放政策如何写二

section b

directions: in this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than once. each paragraph is marked with a letter. answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.

resilience is about how you recharge, not how you endure

[a] as constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. we race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with （继续处理） the emails that have inevitably still piled up.

[b] why should flying deplete us? we’re just sitting there doing nothing. why can’t we be tougher, more resilient （有复原力的） and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.

[c] we often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. we believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. however, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

[d] the very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. and lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.

[e] and just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. we “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. in a study just released, researchers from norway found that 7.8% of norwegians have become workaholics（工作狂）。 the scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”

[f] we believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of american workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the u.s. our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.

[g] the misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. what a distortion of resilience! a resilient child is a well-rested one. when an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his english test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

[h] as jim loehr and tony schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. it also worsens exhaustion. thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. the value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.

[i] so how do we recover and build resilience? most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. but surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. if you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. that’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

[j] if you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. as researchers zijlstra, cropley and rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. external recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” if after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

[k] if you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. amy blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. she suggests downloading the instant or moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. you can also use apps like offtime or unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. the average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. if every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.

[l] in addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.

[m] as for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. the results have been fantastic. we are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. and when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.

36、 it has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.

37、 mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.

38、 adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.

39、 the author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.

40、 recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

41、 it is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.

42、 contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.

43、 the author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.

44、 people’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.

45、 people tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

答案：

36.d

37、 j

38、 l

39、 a

40、 e

41、 k

42、 i

43.b

44、 g

45、 c

26、 g)habitats

【语法判断】marine是形容词，表示“海洋的”，后面应该跟一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences（经验）、exterior（外部）、habitats（栖息地）、investment（投资）、territory（领土）、victim（受害人）。

【语意判断】从上下文可知，暗礁是潜泳和保护海洋______的圣地，所以应该选habitats，海洋栖息地。

27、 m)stripped

【语法判断】此处谓语不完整，要填写动词，由was可知要使用被动语态。符合条件的动词有depressed（使…沮丧）、stripped（剥夺、剥离）。

【语意判断】被沉下去的a300被______了所有有可能对环境有害的东西，所以应该选stripped，被剥离了。

28、 a)create

【语法判断】此处是倒装句，the sunken plane will后面应该跟动词原形。符合条件的动词有create（创作、创造）、innovate（发明）。

【语意判断】被沉默的飞机不仅仅将会给人工暗礁的生长_____完美的骨架，所以应该选create，创造出。

29、 l)stretches

【语法判断】主句缺少谓语，主语是the plane，应该选择动词的第三人称单数。符合条件的动词有experiences（经历）、stretches（延展到）

【语意判断】这个飞机____总长度54米，所以应该选stretches，延展到。

30、 c)eventually

【语法判断】where引导的从句有完整的主谓宾结构，空格处应该填写副词。符合条件的副词有eventually（最后，终于）、intentionally（故意地、有意地）。

【语意判断】在这个地方，潜水者将_______能够探索机舱和…。，因为是在飞机沉下去以后，潜水者才能够进行探索，所以应该选eventually，最终

31、 f)exterior

【语法判断】由plane’s可知此处为所有格，应该填一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences（经验）、exterior（外部）、investment（投资）、territory（领土）、victim（受害人）。

【语意判断】潜水者最终可以探索机舱和飞机的_____，潜水者会探索飞机的内部和外部，所以应该选exterior，外部。

32、 j)investment

【语法判断】由that代词可知，此处应该填写一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences（经验）、investment（投资）、territory（领土）、victim（受害人）。

【语意判断】他们（投资者）希望通过旅游业看到在_____上的回报，又从前一句知道投资者在飞机上花了大量的金钱，所以应该选择investment，投资上的回报。

33、 o)victim

【语法判断】由定冠词the和介词of可知，此处应该填写一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences（经验）、territory（领土）、victim（受害者）。

【语意判断】土耳其这个国家是几起致命的恐怖袭击的______，由上文可知，土耳其的旅游业出现了下滑的趋势，他们受到了恐怖袭击的影响，所以应该选victim，受害者。

34、 i)intentionally

【语法判断】sunk修饰aircraft表示被沉没的飞机，此处可以填写一个形容词和sunk并列修饰aircraft，也可以是一个副词修饰形容词sunk。符合条件的形容词有depressed（沮丧的。）、revealing（透露真情的、有启迪作用的）；符合条件的副词有intentionally（故意地、有意地）。

【语意判断】a300是的______被沉没的飞机，由上下文可知，这架飞机是被人为地沉没到海底地，所以此处应该选intentionally，故意被沉没的飞机。

35、 e)exploring

【语法判断】and并联连词连接taking和填空部分，形式应与taking保持一致，动词的现在分词形式。符合条件的动词有exploring（探索）、revealing（揭露）。

【语意判断】经历一场水下旅行和_______沉没的a300内部，由语意可知，应该选择exploring，探索内部。

2023年四级论对外开放政策如何写三

一。对比观点题型

（1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1、有一些人认为……

累了，休息下，去考试大在线网上辅导逛逛

2、另一些人认为……

3、我的看法……

the topic of ①________（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. there are two sides of opinions of it. some people say a is their favorite. they hold their view for the reason of ②________（支持a的理由一）what is more, ③________（理由二）。 moreover, ④________（理由三）。

while others think that b is a better choice in the following three reasons. firstly,________（支持b的理由一）。 secondly (besides)，⑥____________（理由二）。 thirdly (finally)，⑦____________（理由三）。

from my point of view, i think ⑧________（我的观点）。 the reason is that ⑨____________（原因）。 as a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. for me, the former is surely a wise choice 。

（2） 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点some people believe that ①________（观点一）。 for example, they think ②________（举例说明）。and it will bring them ③________（为他们带来的好处）。

in my opinion, i never think this reason can be the point. for one thing,④____（我不同意该看法的理由一）。 for another thing, ⑤____（反对的理由之二）。 form all what i have said,i agree to the thought that ⑥____（我对文章所讨论主题的看法）。英语六级考试写作技巧

二。阐述主题题型

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。

1、 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义。

2、 分析并举例使其更充实。

the good old proverb ________（名言或谚语）reminds us that ________（释义）。 indeed, we can learn many things form it.

first of all,________（理由一）。 for example, ____________（举例说明）。 secondly,________（理由二）。 another case is that ________（举例说明）。 furthermore ， ____________（理由三）。英语四级英译汉的目的，要求和评分

in my opinion, ________（我的观点）。 in short, whatever you do, please remember the say____a. if you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

三。解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

1、 问题现状英语四级英译汉的目的，要求和评分

2、 怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点）

in recent days, we have to face i problem——a, which is becoming more and more serious. first, ________（说明a的现状）。second, ________（举例进一步说明现状） confronted with a, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. for one thing, ________（解决方法一）。 for another ________（解决方法二）。 finally, ________（解决方法三）。

personally, i believe that ________（我的解决方法）。 consequently, i’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________（带来的好处）。

四。说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

1、 说明事物现状

2、 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）

3、 你对现状（或前景）的看法

nowadays many people prefer a because it has a significant role in our daily life. generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. first ________（a的优点之一）。 besides ____________（a的优点之二）。

but every coin has two sides. the negative aspects are also apparent. one of the important disadvantages is that ________（a的第一个缺点）。to make matters worse,____________（a的第二个缺点）。

through the above analysis, i believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. therefore, i would like to ________（我的看法）。

(from the comparison between these positive and negative effects of a, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. only by this way, ________（对前景的预测）。

五。议论文的框架

（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）

there is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. but it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. a majority of people think that _ 观点一________. in their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, rmore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. so it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

people, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. in their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. on the other hand, ____原因二_____. therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.

as far as i am concerned, i firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. it is not only because ________, but also because _________. the more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的议论文

nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. in fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. firstly, ___优点一______. and secondly ___优点二_____.

just as a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. to begin with, ___缺点一______. in addition, ____ 缺点二______.

to sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. in that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

（3）答题性议论文

currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ 。it is really an important concern to every one of us. as a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.英语四级英译汉的目的，要求和评分

as we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. first of all, __途径一______. in addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. but as far as i am concerned, i would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

（4） 谚语警句性议论文

it is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. it means ____谚语的含义_______. the saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）

a case in point is ___例子一______. therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

with the rapid development of science and technology in china, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. the more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

2023年四级论对外开放政策如何写四

一、听力[dialogue（十个对话），passage（三个短文），compound dictation（复合式听写）]

1 dialogue和passage：

对话所述事情总是向不好的方面发展，例如比如对话里问教授的讲座lecture难不难，记住一定难；老师的作业assignment多不多，一定多；男士发出的邀请，女士会答应吗，永远不会；永远是一个傻哥发出邀请，邀请的对象是mary，问我们游泳好吗，滑冰好吗，跳舞好吗，吃饭好吗，mary的回答永远是，我非常的想去，but不去--四级考了十几年了，mary从来没有去过，今年照样不会。

2 compound dictation：

只能竖直耳朵专心听了，即使听不懂，也要根据上下文瞎猜一个，空着肯定没分，瞎猜说不定老师看错了还会给你一分！

二、阅读

1 一事实细节题：

1)选项中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案，而同义词替换的是正确答案； 2)选项中表达意义较具体，也就是句子较长的一般不是答案，而概括性的，抽象的是答案； 3)选项中有绝对语气词的比如must，never，merely等不是答案，而有不十分肯定语气词的是正确答案，比如could，might，possible等。

2 二词义及语义判断题：

选项含义与被考单词在含义上肤浅相近的一般不是答案。

3 三推理判断题：

1)若要求对某段内容进行推论，那么就只看题干要求作答的那一段； 2)选项中采用试探性，不十分绝对语气词的比如tend to ，offten等一般是答案；3)符合常识逻辑的一般是答案，比方说为什么中国比较穷，是因为人口众多，为什么美国人很胖，是因为他们吃的肯德基，麦当劳太多了。

2023年四级论对外开放政策如何写五

一、背单词，打基础

词汇是英文的基础，备战四级，背单词是基本，积累了一定的词汇量，临战上场才更胸有成竹。我们可以先花3个月时间积累【】词汇，现在就可以买一本四级词汇书，制定一份计划，每天坚持背一定的单词，系统、集中地复习。

二、分项练习，各个击破

经过3个月的单词背诵，我们已经积累了足够的词汇量，个人的心态也调整到了备考状态。4月份，我们要针对四级考试的4大题型：听力、作文、阅读、翻译进行集中训练。这时候可以多做一些章节练习、模拟卷，分项强化。

三、真题训练

在完成分项练习、模拟卷后需要专门练习近10年或是5年的真题，模拟考场的紧张氛围，计时考试。

因为真题囊括了历年考试考过的内容，权威性和规范性非常高。练习历年真题，能帮助考生透析考试重点、掌握命题规律！

四、查漏补缺

离考试只有10多天，此时我们需要对自己掌握的知识点进行查漏补缺，总结以前做过的真题、练习题、模拟题中遇到的错题，检测自己的薄弱环节，进行重点突击。

之后就是熟悉考场规则，做好各项准备，调整心态和情绪，从容应考。

2023年四级论对外开放政策如何写六

对于大学英语四级阅读来说，根据题目的“题眼”快速在文章中找到答案是最关键的，这样我们就要在阅读时注意详略得当。克服精读精益求精的习惯，做到有信息处精读，无信息处略读，略读处一扫而过。

题目中数字、人名等信息（题眼）在原文中对应的部分必须详读。而对所要解释或证明的观点的细节举例处或者通常有数个名词的并列项，它们不是完整的主谓宾的句子，因此无法与问题对应的详细列举处，都可以略读。

查读的信息通常是显性信息，只要将问题在原文中进行准确定位就能得到正确答案，一般不需要做推理。

（1） 表示因果关系的词或词组：because， reason， due to， since， so that， therefore等

（2） 表示目的关系的词或词组：in order to， so as to， by等

（3） 表示转折关系的词或词组：but， however， yet等

（4） 表示对比关系的词或词组：contrary to， unlike， like等

英语四级考试的阅读部分，问题顺序与原文顺序一致（有时顺序不一致），这就要求考生应该按照题目的顺序依次做题。

分解对应四分法：快速将问题分解成4个部分（主a 谓b宾c+其他d），与原文进行对比。

四级阅读中，问题的范围必须小于原文范围，反之则不选。

不能选的选项为：

（1） 选项的信息与原文内容相反

（2） 选项将原文的。意思张冠李戴

（3） 将原文中的不确定因素转化为确定因素

（4） 改变原文中的条件、范围等

四级阅读中，将题干的句子进行简单分解后，问题中的主语、宾语在原文未出现或被偷换概念，则不选。

不选的选项：

（1） 选项表述无中生有

（2） 原文中作者的目的、意图、愿望等内容在选项作为客观事实陈述

（3） 将原文中的特殊情况推广为普遍现象

（4） 将原文的内容具体化

（5） 随意比较原文中的两个事物

考生遇到问题时，不能只局限在某一段里面找答案，可以先做后面的题目，在后面的阅读中发现还有该题的答案时，将相关信息合并后再确定答案。