直到英文 直到…为止英文(十篇)

在日常的学习、工作、生活中，肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写？下面是小编帮大家整理的优质范文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

2023年直到英文(推荐)一

一路走来，并不算平坦，但在这不太寻常的人生路上，遇到了很多人、经历了很多事，并且拥有了一笔别人无法给你的财富——生活经历。

曾经抱怨过为什么自己的道路走起来如此艰难，曾经也曾失望过，可如今看来一切都是那么美好。感谢生活给了我不同寻常的素材，让我在这些人当中体会到人性的善与恶，并且能够从中看到自己未来的道路，知道自己要做一个什么样的人。

来北京的时间不长也不短，曾经有过迷茫，不知道路在何方，可是有一个梦想一直在坚持，记录了自己的生活，也记录了自己的成长。唯一没有变的梦想，以后也会不变的梦想，将它继续珍藏，直到开花结果的那一天。

感谢曾经遇到过的那些人，无论你们给予我的是苦痛，抑或快乐，你们都是我短暂人生旅程中的最美过客。

如果没有经历就没有成长，前段时间朋友送了本十二写的《女心》，若是自己从不会买这种书的，可是看过后，发现有很多的共鸣。女人本来就是细腻、脆弱的，但经历了许多后会变得越来越坚强。

大学四年一直坚持的梦想，如今也一直在坚持着，希望我的坚持会有结果，我的坚持会成为未来自己的骄傲。

还记得曾经写过一个小说，给外婆念，外婆边听边哭泣，外婆，我还欠你一个圆满的故事，希望当我再次给您朗读的时候您还是像如今一样健朗，千万不要像外公一样都不记得我了。您的期望也是我的期望。

2023年直到英文(推荐)二

黄山，位于安徽省南部，地处皖南歙县、黟县和休宁县的边境。面积约1200平方公里，其中精粹风景区约154平方公里。这里，千峰竞秀，有奇峰72座，其中天都峰、莲花峰、光明顶都在海拔1800米以上，拔地极天，气势磅礴，雄姿灵秀。

黄山，中国十大风景名胜之一，90年被联合国教科文组织列入“世界文化与自然遣产”名录，蜚声中外，令世人神往。

黄山集名山之长，泰山之雄伟，华山之险峻，衡山之烟云，庐山之瀑，雁荡之巧石，峨嵋之秀丽，黄山无不兼而有之。明代旅行家、地理学家徐霞客两游黄山，赞叹说：“登黄山在下无山，观止矣!”又留下“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳”的美誉。

of all the notable mountains in china, mount huangshan, to be found in the south of anhui province, is probably the most famous. originally known as mt. yishan it was renamed mt. huangshan in 747 ad in recognition of the legendary huang di, who was the reputed ancestor of the chinese people and who made magic pills for immortality here.

wu yue is the collective name given to china's most important mountains, namely mt. taishan in shandong province, mt. huashan in shaanxi province, mt. hengshan in shanxi province, mt. songshan in henan province and mt. hengshan in hunan province. it is said that you won't want to visit any other mountains after seeing wu yue but you won't wish to see even wu yue after returning from mt. huangshan. this saying may give you some idea of the beauty and uniqueness of mt. huangshan. together with the yellow river, the yangtze river and the great wall, mt. huangshan has become one of the great symbols of china.

mt. huangshan can boast not only of its magnificence but also its abundant resources and great variety of zoological species, for which it has been listed as a world natural and cultural heritage site. 朋友们，你们好!现在我们已经到达黄山风景区南边重镇汤口。在这里先向诸位介绍一下黄山风景的概况。

黄山，位于中国安徽省南部，属中国南岭山脉的部分，全山面积约1200平方公里。黄山山系中段，是黄山的精华部分，也就我们要游览的黄山风景区，面积约154平方公里。它在黄山市境内，南邻歙县、徽州区、休宁县和黟县，北连黄山区;这五个县、区也都属于黄山市管辖。

黄山在中国唐代以前叫黟山，黟是黑样子，因为山上岩石多青黑青黑的，古人就给它起这样一名字。传说咱们中华族的先祖轩辕黄帝在完成中原统一在业、开创中华文明之后，来到这里采药炼丹，在温泉里洗澡，因而得道仙。唐朝著名的皇帝明皇李隆基非常相信这个说法，就在天宝六年(747年)下了一道诏书，将黟山改名黄山。意思是，这座山是黄帝的山。从那以后，黄山这个名字就一直到现在。

朋友们，你们不远千，甚至万里到这里，就要亲眼看一看黄山的美吗?不就是要感受一次人生快乐吗?是的，黄山是绝美绝美的，可说天第奇山，能够登临它，亲眼看看它，确实是人生的一大乐事。在很久很久前，在漫 长地质历史代，大自然的无穷力，塑造了黄山那绝美的风采和种种奇特的景观，令人倾倒，令人心醉。

在这里，我把黄山“四绝”分别作个介绍吧。

说起黄山“四绝”，排在第一的当是奇松。黄山松奇在什么地方呢?首先是奇在它无比顽强的生命力，凡有土的方就能出草木和庄稼，而黄松则是从坚硬的黄岗岩石里长出来的。黄山到处都生长着松树，它们长峰顶，长悬崖峭壁，长在深壑幽谷，郁郁葱葱，生机勃勃。千百年来，它们就是这样从岩石迸裂出来，根儿深深扎进岩石缝里，不怕贫瘠干旱，不怕风雷雨雪，潇潇洒洒，铁骨铮铮。你能说不奇吗?其次是，黄山松还奇在它那特有的天然造型。从总体来说，黄山松的针叶短粗稠密，叶色浓绿，枝干曲生，树冠扁平，显出一种朴实、稳健、雄浑的气势，而每一处松树，每一株松树，在长相、姿容、气韵上，又各各不同，都有一种奇特的美。人们根据它们的不同的形态和神韵，分别给它们起了贴切的自然而又典雅有趣的名字，如迎客松、黑虎松、卧龙松、龙爪松、探海松、团结松等等。它们是黄山奇松的代表。

怪石，是构成黄山胜景的又一“绝”。在黄山到处都可以看到奇形怪异的岩石，这些怪石的模样儿千差万别，有的像人，有的像物，有的有的反映了某些神话传说和历史故事，都活灵活现，生动有趣。在121处名石中，知名度更高一些的有“飞来石”、“仙人下棋”、“喜鹊登梅”、“猴子观海”、“仙人晒靴”、“蓬莱三岛”、“金鸡叫天门”等。这些怪石有的是庞然大物，有的奇巧玲珑;有的独立成景，有的是几个组合或同奇松巧妙结合成景。还些怪石因为观赏位置和角度变了，模样儿也就有了变化，成了一石二景，如“金鸡叫天门”又叫“五老上天都”，“喜鹊登梅”又叫“仙人指路”就是移步换景的缘故。也还有些怪厂，在不同条件下看，会产生不能的联想，因而也就有了不同的名字，如“猴子观海”又叫“猴子望太平”便是。

再说云海。虽然在中国其它名山也能看到云海，但没有一个能比得上黄山云海那样壮观和变幻无穷。大约就是这个缘故，黄山还有另外一个名字，叫“黄海”。这可不是妄称，是有历史为证的。明朝有位著名的史志学家叫潘之恒，在黄山住了几十年，写了一部60卷的大部头书--黄山山志，书名就叫《黄海》。黄山的一些景区、宾馆和众多景观的命名，都同这个特殊的“海”有关联，有些景观若在云海中观赏，就会显得更加真切，韵味也更足了。这些也都证明，“黄海”这个名字是名副其实的。

最后，介绍一下温泉。我们常讲的和游览的温泉是前山的黄山宾馆温泉，古时候又叫汤泉，从紫石峰涌出。用它命名的温泉景区，是进入黄山南大门后最先到达的景区。温泉水量充足，水温常年保持在42度左右，水质良好，并含有对人体有益的矿物质，有一定的医疗价值，对皮肤病，风湿病和消化系统的疾病，确有一定的疗效。但是只能浴，不能饮;过云说它可以饮用，是不科学的。

为人所不知的是黄山还有第五绝，那就是冬雪，轻盈的雪花纷纷扬扬，夹带着云雾，伴随着山风没在山恋上追逐，在深谷中飞腾。黄山骤然间换了模样，满目的苍绿不见了，到处朴树迷离，一切都是显得晶莹透亮。古人形容说：“一夜寒风起，万树银华开。”整个黄山宛如一个银色的世界，仿佛身处水晶宫。 除了“五绝”之外，黄山的瀑布、日出和晚霞，也是十分壮观和奇丽的。

friends, hello! now that we have arrived at the huangshan scenic area south of city of tangkou. here to give you some information about huangshan scenery's profile.

the yellow mountain, located in the southern part of anhui province, is part of the nanling mountains, china, the whole mountain area is about 1200 square kilometers. middle section of the huangshan mountains, are the best parts of the yellow mountain, we also want to visit huangshan scenic area, covering an area of about 154 square kilometers. it internally in huangshan city, south o she county, huizhou district, xiuning county and yixian county, north huangshan district; the five counties, districts are under the jurisdiction of huangshan city. huangshan in china before the tang dynasty named black mountain, black is black, blue black blue black rocks on the hill, the ancients gave it this name. legend of chinese ancestors emperor huangdi in the us following the completion of zhongyuan harmonized working, creating chinese civilization, came here to herb of immortality, bath in the hot springs, which attained the immortal. famous tang dynasty of emperor ming huang li long ji is believe it, in tempo, six years (747) under the edict, rename the black mountain huangshan. mean, this mountain is a mountain of yellow emperor. from then on, the name huangshan has been up to now.

friends, not far from thousands of you, even miles here, will do down and take a look at the beauty of huangshan? isn't it just to feel a life happy? yes, huangshan is a beautiful beautiful, can be said that the mountain of the day, be able to climb it, and see that it is indeed a great joy in life. in a long, long time ago, in a long geological history, nature's infinite force, shaped huangshan the exquisite elegance and all sorts of exotic landscapes, stunning, is enchanted.

here, i put the yellow mountain “four unique” respectively, made a presentation.

speaking of huangshan mountain “four”, ranked first was pine. huangshan songqi in what place? first of all, is singular in its strong vitality, where soil-vegetation and crops, and ponderosa are long out of the yellow gang of hard rock. huangshan pines everywhere, they peak, long cliffs, long in shenhe valley, lush and vibrant. for thousands of years, this is how they burst out from rock, root deep into the crevices of rocks, not afraid of marginal arid, without fear of rain and snow storm, selsun, tieguzhengzheng. can you say do not odd? secondly, huang shansong also singular in its unique natural style. in general, huang shansong conifer stubby dense, dark green leaf color, branches with curved, crown flat, showing a simple, robust, powerful and imposing, but every pine tree, each strain pine on the looks, sapling, and spirit, all different, there is a strange beauty. people according to their different patterns and romantic charm, respectively, give them appropriate natural and elegant and interesting names, such as welcoming pine, black tiger pine, pine pinus, dragon claw, in wolong research on korean pine pinus, unity, and so on. they are the

huangshan pine representatives.

stone, is constituted of scenery in huangshan mountain and a “must”. in huangshan everywhere you can see strange and odd-shaped rock, these stones vary, some people, some like, some of it reflects some myths and legends and historical stories, vivid, lively and interesting. stone at 121, the popularity of higher “flying stone”, “fairy play”, “magpie”, “sea monkey view”, “immortal sun boots”, “three penglai island” and “rooster call gate”.

these rocks have a behemoth, some of kit kat exquisite; separate scenes, sometimes combining several ingeniously combined with pine or king. some formations for viewing location and angle had changed, also changed, became a stone of the second king, such as the “golden rooster called heaven” also called the “five old god”, “magpie” also known as “fairy guide” is a moving account of the change of scenery. also had some strange plants, under different conditions, not lenovo, therefore has a different name, such as “sea monkey view” also known as “monkey wang taiping” is.

clouds again. although clouds can also see other mountains in china, but none can match the spectacular huangshan clouds and is constantly changing. about this, there is another name of huangshan, known as “yellow”. it's not in vain, there is historical evidence. famous shi zhixue called pan zhiheng of the ming dynasty, lived in huangshan mountain for decades, wrote a voluminous book of 60 volumes--huangshan mountain records, titles of the yellow sea.

huangshan scenic spots, hotels and many other landscape named with this special “sea” association, some landscape ornamental in the clouds, to be even more true, charm was also more. these have proved that the “yellow sea” that is worthy of the name.

finally, tell us about the hot springs. we often say, and before the tour of hot springs is the huangshan mountain hotel spa, in ancient times called tangquan, from purple pinnacle emission. named with its hot spring scenic spot, is the first to arrive after entering the southern gate of huangshan scenic spot. hot spring water is sufficient, water temperatures remained at about 42 degrees year-round, water well, and contains useful minerals for the human body, there are some medical value, skin diseases, rheumatism and diseases of the digestive system, does have a certain effect. but only bath, you cannot drink; said it is drinkable, is not science.

known unknown is a fifth of huangshan must, it's winter and snow, snowflakes swirl of light, clamp with mist, accompanied by the mountain breeze didn't love chasing the mountain, fly in a ravine. huangshan suddenly changed his appearance, land of pale green is gone, park trees everywhere blurred, everything is shining brilliantly. the ancients described: “one night, chilling trees yinhua opened. ”yellow mountain like a silver world as a whole, as if being in a crystal palace.

in addition to “land with five unique features”, the waterfall of the yellow mountain, sunrise and sunset, are spectacular and strange.

2023年直到英文(推荐)三

各位游客：

今天我们要去丽江古城游览。我国有两大古城被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录，它们分列一南一北，各具特色，北方是山西的平遥古城，南方是云南的丽江古城。丽江古城由大研、白沙、束河三个相对独立的城建单元组成，大研古城是它们的集中代表，所以人们也常常把大研古城叫做丽江古城。从地域来讲，丽江大研古城是一座驰名中外的少数民族高原古城。

[大研古城的位置→历史]

大研古城位于丽江盆地的中心。请看盆地西南角耸立着酷似书天巨笔的文笔峰，丽江盆地则像一方碧玉做成的大砚台，古时“研”和“砚”相通，所以古城就叫大研，难怪人们说丽江文化昌盛是因为丽江钟灵毓秀、地灵人杰。

古城形成于宋末元初，明清以来一直是滇西北商贸中心和连接滇川藏的茶马古道重镇，至今已有800多年历史了。古城面积3.8平方公里，海拔2400米左右，居住着6200余户人家，常住人口约有2.5万多人，其中纳西族人口约占67%。丽江古城在1986年12月8日被国务院公布为国家历史文化名城，1997年12月4日又被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产。

[古城选址]

丽江古城除了同苏州古城一样具有“小桥流水人家”的特色外，还在古城选址、街道布局、纳西民居等方面别具一格。古城北靠金虹山，西倚狮子山，东南向着千顷沃野，地势北高南低。这样的位置，冬阻西北寒流，夏送东南暖风，使古城冬暖夏凉，气候舒适宜人，我们身边的玉河水则为古城提供了洁净而充足的水源。可以说，古城的选址是十分科学的。

[水车→照壁→水龙柱]

我们面前的水车，有人说它是子母水车，也有人说它是情人水车。过去古城里就有水车，今天在一些偏远地方也还在使用。它可以用来舂米磨面，如果人住在高处或要灌溉的田地在高处，但水在低处流，还可以用它来提水。

水车旁是写有江题词的照壁，古城里有三房一照壁的民居，那照壁就像这个样子。照壁右侧是水龙柱。龙是管水的，古城里的土木建筑最怕火，但水能克火，所以立了这个水龙柱，以表达古城人民免除火灾的愿望。千百年来，古城人民像爱护自己的眼睛一样爱护古城，也请各位朋友像古城人民一样爱护古城，不乱扔烟头垃圾。

[世界遗产徽记→石刻墙→巴格图]

再看世界文化遗产徽记图案。外圈呈圆形代表地球、代表大自然;正方形内框为两只手合围，代表人类的创造;圆圈和方框内外密切相连，表示人与自然要和谐统一，丽江古城就是人与自然和谐统一的杰作。环绕圆圈的文字，分别是中文、英文、法文的“世界遗产”一词。

右边的这堵石刻墙，采用丹霞地貌区特有的砂岩雕成，是因整治古城外围环境，于1999年建成的景观。这堵巨型浮雕墙，高9米，长55米，名为“丽江古城盛世图”，展现了世界文化遗产丽江古城的白沙古镇、束河古镇、大研古城三个片区的古代日常生活场景。其代表性场景有白沙壁画、束河四方街、大石桥、大研四方街，还刻有东巴象形文字、纳西古乐演奏、男耕女织、古城民居大屋顶，是一幅浓郁的纳西风情画，称得上是丽江的“清明上河图”。

我们脚下是“巴格图”，又叫青蛙八卦图，是纳西先民根据五行学说创造的占卜工具。图案正中爬着一只青蛙，背上似有占卜经文，腹部横穿着一支箭，象征五方五行五色八位。箭杆朝东，象征“木”，木色青;蛙嘴朝南，嘴吐“火”，火色红;蛙腹居中，化为“土”，土色黄;箭头朝西，象征“铁”，铁色白;蛙尾朝北，撒出“水”，水色黑。此外，蛙的左肢指向东南，右肢指向西南，左脚指向东北，右脚指向西北，加上东、南、西、北，象征八方卦位。图案周围标有十二种动物形象，从正东方起的次序是寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌犬、亥猪、子鼠、丑牛。这样，木、火、土、铁、水五行各配公母而得十，然后循环配与十二种动物而得六十序数。民间东巴祭司以青蛙躯体部位象征宇宙空间方位，布局阴阳五行、十天干、十二地支、八方八门，使之形成了特殊的占卜图，用来解释自然界，预测人类生活。巴格图对研究纳西先民的原始宇宙观，乃至对研究八卦起源，都具有重要的参考价值。

[古城布局]

古城的街道和房屋布局，可以说是以水为脉，随势自然。象山脚下的黑龙潭泉水流出千米长的玉河，玉河泉水在这里分为西河、中河、东河，在古城里再分成更多的支流走街过巷，穿墙进院，流遍全城，使丽江古城富有小桥流水人家的审美情趣。古城的街道、房屋随着水势、山势自然伸展，与我国许多古城的方正严整的棋盘式布局迥然不同，更体现出一种“天人合一”的园林之美。以水为脉的布局也告诉我们，如果哪位朋友在古城中迷了路，那么，只要逆流而上就能走出古城，走到入口这里。下面就请大家跟我沿着西河畔的新华街进入古城吧!

[五花石街道]

可能有的朋友已注意到我们脚下的铺路石，这叫五花石。古城里铺的都是这种美丽的砂砾石板，经过千百年人马的踩磨，已经相当光滑。这样的街道旱不灰、雨不泥，如果是在阵雨过后进古城，街道被雨水冲刷得干干净净，就像一条五彩斑斓的“花道”伸向远方，简直美不胜收。这种五花石是花岗石的一种，古城里铺的都是这种石头，难怪日本客人说：“你们丽江人真阔气呀!”

[小桥→流水→人家]

大家看，我们左边是西河，它流向四方街，流向木府，我们的右边是随着山势而建的纳西民居。这里玉水滢滢，垂柳依依，木桥座座，瓦屋鳞鳞，一幅“小桥流水人家”的景色。据统计，在古城3.8平方公里的范围内就有石拱桥、石板桥、栎木桥365座。丽江古城既是一座水城，也是一座桥城。水，对古城来说，是脉络，是血液，水使古城充满活力，水给古城平添秀色。可以说，没有了水，丽江古城将失去一半的妩媚。

游客们，在这古城里，除了这水给古城带来活力外，还有一个给古城带来活力的方面，那就是居民。直到今天，以纳西族为主的各族人民仍然工作和生活在古城里。他们自然祥和的生活，使古城古风犹存而又生机盎然，因此人们又把丽江古城誉为“活着的古城”。大家随时可以见到纳西大妈们，身着宽腰大袖上衣，腰系百褶围腰，背披七星羊皮，在经商，在娱乐。她们年轻时披星戴月地劳作，现在则老有所为，老有所乐。她们有时在古城中联袂而行，成为与古城十分和谐的一道风景，请各位注意观察。

[四方街]

游客们，现在我们到了四方街。四方街是古城的中心广场，它是由成排连接的铺面围成的一块近似长方形的广场街面，街场占地约有6亩。为什么叫四方街，主要有两种说法：一种说法是因为广场的形状很像方形的知府大印，由土司取名叫四方街，取“权镇四方”之意。也有人说是因为这里的道路通向四面八方，是四面八方的人流、物流集散地，所以叫四方街。四方街为什么这样有名呢?如果说我国北方有一条世界闻名的贸易通道——丝绸之路的话，那么，我国南方也有一条被称为“茶马古道”的贸易通道，它是藏区以及丽江的马匹、毛皮、药材等特产和南方的茶叶、丝绸、珠宝等商品的一条贸易通道，丽江古城是茶马古道上的重镇，而四方街则是这个重镇的贸易中心。

古往今来，白天，这里商贾云集，买卖兴隆，并且自然地归行划市，连周围的几座桥都成了一些商品的专卖地，如科贡坊前的这座桥叫“卖豌豆桥”，西南角的这座桥叫“卖鸭蛋桥”。到了夜晚，特别是节日的夜晚，这里又成了各族儿女的歌坛舞池，人们燃起篝火，在这里对唱山歌，跳起锅庄、阿丽哩、芦笙舞，通宵达旦。如果你巧逢这样的盛会，也会情不自禁地加入到他们的行列中。明代木公土司的诗句“一匝芦笙吹未断、踏歌起舞月明中”，就是这种盛况的真实写照。

也许大家已注意到四方街并不水平，而是向东稍有倾斜，这是为什么呢?四方街就如纳西谚语所说的，是个除了鸡辔头什么都有卖的热闹集市，没几天就会有许多垃圾，古城又没有固定的清洁工，古城人民就根据地势，巧妙地利用西河水自然冲洗街场。做法是：下午集市散了，人们就用三块铺板在街头河上一闸，西河水就漫上河岸流向街场，四周店铺的主人则用棍子乘着水势挑拨，污水流入东河，去灌溉千顷农田。利用河水自流洗街，既干净，又免了扫地之劳，这在我国的城市中恐怕是绝无仅有的。

[科贡坊]

这是科贡坊，原来是为这个小巷里杨家的“一门三举”而建的。丽江在清朝的雍正元年，也就是公元1723年实行“改土归流”，即由原来的土司统治改变为由中央政府委派的有一定任期的流官统治，丽江从此就由封建领主社会进入了封建地主社会。社会制度的变革极大地激发了民间子弟的读书热情，从“改土归流”到清末废除科举180年的时间里，丽江先后出了六十几位举人和七位进士。“一门三举”在文化发达的中原地区不足为奇，可在丽江这样一个长期由土司统治的边疆少数民族地区，却是一桩具有轰动效应的大喜事，于是官府和民众捐资在这里建了一座两层的科贡坊。清朝末年，这个小巷里又出了丽江最后一位进士和庚吉，于是乡亲们在被烧毁后的原址上重建科贡坊，并且升为三层。实际上，从“改土归流”到清末取消科举，光古城就有两家“一门三举”。现在，人口只有三十多万的纳西族，却拥有成百的专家教授;每年的高考录取人数，按人口平均数在省内也一直名列前茅。可以说，纳西族是一个崇尚文化、善于学习的民族。好了，大家可以在四方街活动30分钟，也可以买一些土特产和纪念品，30分钟后在这里集合。下面我们前往“纳西四合院”参观。

[纳西民居→四季博古]

纳西族的善于学习也反映在古城的民居建设上。古城民居在广泛吸收汉、白、藏等民族建筑文化的同时，也把本民族的建筑文化和审美意识融其中，形成了许多具有纳西特色的三房一照壁、四合五天井、前后院、一进两院等等，并在门楼、前廊的设置和天井铺地、门窗隔扇等方面形成了浓郁的地方特色和民族特色。目前，整个丽江古城(包括白沙、束河)的重点保护民居共有140户，而大研古城里就有112户。现在我们就进入“纳西四合院”参观。这是四合五天井，四合就是东南西北四方房屋，每相邻两房之间有一个小天井，加上中间的大天井共有五个天井，所以叫四合五天井。这四方房屋的楼上楼下都是相通的，所以又叫“走马转角楼”。大家看，这四方房屋的前檐柱下都垫有很高的五花石柱础，既保护了柱脚，又很美观，却不利于房屋的防震抗震，而丽江可是一个多地震区啊!主人难道不懂得这一点吗?大家说呢?原来，这种“走马转角楼”有一个特点，就是相邻两房有一棵前檐柱是共用的，两房的山架斗在同一棵柱子上，建筑上称之为“同梁合柱”。这种结构，不仅省了一棵柱子，还使房屋间的连接更加牢固，具有良好的抗震性能，所以主人才用那么高的柱础。

如果问这个四合院里哪一部分最富有纳西特色，那就是堂屋的六合门和六合门上的窗芯——“四季博古”。虽说这些也是学习汉族、白族文化的结果，但是到了现在，已没有哪一个民族像纳西族这样居家必有六合门，必有四季博古。这六合门，可装可卸，方便灵活，开则为门，关则为窗，平时只开中间两扇，遇有红白二事、客人较多时，六扇门均可卸下来。所雕的窗芯称为四季博古，构图内容多为四季花卉、博古器物，以寄托纳西人民四季吉祥、福禄寿禧、耕读传家的美好意愿。大家看，这叫“松鹤同春”，寓“春”和“寿”;这是“喜鹊争梅”，寓“冬”和“禧”;这是“鹰立菊丛”，寓“秋”和“福”;这是“鹭鸶采莲”，寓“夏”和“禄”;这是“孔雀玉兰”、“锦鸡牡丹”，请大家展开联想，看看它们有何寓意。

[丽江紫禁城“木府”]

现在我们就顺着木府的护城河前往木府。姓木的土司曾统治丽江四百多年，在占尽天时地利的狮子山麓，营造了规模宏大的土司府衙，被人们称为木府，护城河从北、东、南三面环绕着木府。大家会说，这也算护城河吗?原来护城河是又宽又深的，“改土归流”后，随着土司势力的衰落，护城河就越来越小了。

丽江古城还有一奇，那就是古城没有城墙，这是为什么呢?请大家回答。我来提示一下：土司姓木，而且历代土司热心于学习汉文化，也讲究文字避讳，请大家从汉字上去考虑。对了，木家居住的地方如果筑了城墙，就如同“木”字加了个框，成了“困”字，这当然不行。还有别的什么原因，就请大家见仁见智，议论一番吧!

木府快到了，我们面前的这座木牌坊上写着什么?“天雨流芳”，对。这“天雨流芳”四个字，原是明代的木公土司写的，后来散佚，现在我们看到的，是纳西族书法家、云南省书法家协会主席李群杰先生补书的。这四个字，既可以用汉语解释，同时它又是一句纳西话。用汉语可解释为“皇恩浩荡像春雨一样滋润着神州大地”;在纳西语里，“天雨流芳”是“去看书吧”的意思，真可谓一语双意，别出心裁。

木府到了。据说木府是仿照北京紫禁城建造的，这种僭越本分的做法，在等级森严的古代是决不允许的，因此，木氏土司从不让外人进去，连徐霞客也不例外。徐霞客受木增土司的邀请，在1639年明朝末期来到丽江，远望着楼阁巍峨的木府，在他的《徐霞客游记》里写下了“宫室之丽、拟于王者”的感叹，这句话已写在东边的照壁上。

这座石拱桥形似马鞍，叫金鞍桥，又叫玉带桥。这座桥之特殊在于它的长宽之比，一般的石拱桥，长比宽要长，这座桥则不然，它长仅3米，宽却达9.6米，这是为什么呢?原来木氏土司出巡或者回府，总是八抬大轿以示显赫威严，桥太窄当然不行，还同时考虑到这桥与高大的忠义坊之间的呼应协调。

木氏土司对中央政府忠心耿耿，上贡不断，特别是明朝万历年间，据说木增土司曾用马帮驮着万两金银，万里迢迢到京城进贡，明神宗大受感动，钦赐“忠义”二字，并下圣旨建这忠义石牌坊。土司对朝廷的忠义还可以从木府大门的对联上看出来，“凤诏每来红日近，鹤书不到白云闲”。这副对联来自木泰土司所写的纳西族第一首汉文诗《两关使节》，意思是皇帝的诏书一来，就好像离太阳更近了，感到十分温暖;如果好久没接到朝廷的文书，那么，就觉得天上的白云都懒散了。请大家进木府参观。

[仁寿桥→大石桥→阿溢璨]

现在我们前往百岁坊、大石桥、阿溢璨游览。大家看，在临街的房屋中，有的不是正面朝街，而是山墙一面朝街，对这一点，与梁思成齐名的我国著名建筑学家刘敦桢教授1938年来丽江考察时曾给予很高的评价。请大家想一想山面朝街的优点。由于中式建筑不太高大，屋坡又长，如果正面朝街则采光不足，所以山面朝街的优点是采光好。

仁寿桥到了。这是中河，这里本来只有栎木桥，清朝后期这个巷道里一户纳西人家出现过一位长寿老人，叫年世光，他活了108岁，一时传为佳话。于是，官府和街坊捐银建了这座仁寿桥，又叫百岁坊桥，并在东边五六十米处建过一座木制的百岁坊，这个巷道也就叫百岁坊了。

现在我们到了大石桥。这座桥建于明代，已有五六百年的历史。它是古城中最大的石拱桥，是古城的东、西两个部分的交通要道。“大石桥”名符其实，它又是四方街集市的延伸，曾经是麻布的专卖地，所以又叫卖麻布桥。

游到这里，大家对古城可算是一饱眼福啦。如果大家还想一饱口福的话，可别忘了抽个时间到附近的街巷里品尝丽江粑粑和鸡豆凉粉，它们可是丽江最著名的风味小吃。您既可以来个丽江粑粑酥油茶，或者来一个丽江粑粑鸡豆凉粉，这鸡豆凉粉还可以趁热蘸粑粑，也可以凉拌了吃。不论哪种吃法，都能让你余香满口，回味不已。

现在我们前往阿溢璨。丽江古城开始是由中河两岸的若干村落发展、连接而成，阿溢璨是最早的村落之一。我们面前的泉水井叫阿溢璨水井，井水甘冽纯净，据说还有养颜益寿的功效。井旁的碗是为方便行人喝水而放置的，由此也可以看出丽江民风之淳朴。在过去，古城里有乡规民约，晚上十点前后到第二天的早上十点前后，是居民到河里打饮用水的时间，任何人不得在河里浣洗或扔垃圾。假如过了这段时间还要打饮用水，就要到散布在古城中的单眼泉水井或三眼井里去打，这就保证了古城居民的生活用水。

[大研古乐会→东巴宫]

我们左边东大街有著名的大研古乐会和东巴宫，他们的古乐演奏各有特色。丽江目前有十几支这样的古乐队活跃在城乡。这里演奏的古乐分为“白沙细乐”和“丽江洞经音乐”两个部分。“白沙细乐”是土生土长的纳西音乐，是我国四大古乐之一，有笃、一封书、三思吉等调子，曲调舒缓深沉，缠绵悱恻。“丽江洞经音乐”原来是宫廷和道教音乐，有一江风、山坡羊、水龙吟等曲牌，由于丽江特殊的地理位置和纳西人民对古乐的钟爱，许多在中原地区已经失传的曲牌，却在云岭深处的丽江保存了下来。经过在丽江几百年的流传，已具有比较浓郁的纳西韵味，所以叫“丽江洞经音乐”。纳西古乐的演奏以“三古”著称于世。哪三古呢?古乐曲、古乐器、古稀老人。在古乐演奏中，除了传统的笛子、云锣、古筝等等以外，还有波伯、苏古笃等在外地难得一见的古乐器，加上演奏者多是白髯飘飘的耄耋老人。在古色古香的氛围里聆听古乐，会觉得古风拂面，超凡脱俗，油然而生“此曲只应天上有、人间哪得几回闻”的感觉，从而起到陶冶情操、净化灵魂的作用。今晚我们要去聆听纳西古乐，到时候再作详细介绍。

过去，这附近有许多客栈，有的专门接待茶马古道上往来的藏族马帮。有马帮就得有草料，我们面前的这块空地叫卖草场，这里既卖骡马的草料，也卖编草席草鞋的稻草、山草等等。这条街上有好几家土特产和木雕商店，欢迎大家参观选购。

现在我们已走到了东河边。大家还可顺道去东大街参观“金钥匙文化宫”与“和志刚书斋”。

[金钥匙文化宫]

在古城东大街“金钥匙文化宫”内挂着一把巨型钥匙，它是20__年为丽江古城列入世界文化遗产5周年而做的，纯铜打制，高20__毫米，宽716毫米，厚72毫米，重800余斤，象征着丽江古城800多年的历史。钥匙手柄正面刻有世界文化遗产标识，标识右下刻有金钥匙的纳西象形文字，左有音译“涵紫谷”字样，再往下是纳西族东巴祭司头上戴的五幅冠示意图案，也是暗喻丽江古城曲折的街道水系。驮载巨型钥匙的神龟象征健康长寿，显得稳重如山，也象征“涵紫谷”这一纳西文化的厚重和悠远。

“丽江金钥匙”是由丽江嘉和有限公司于20__年8月8日投资260万元开发研制，并获国家专利的丽江标志性旅游纪念品。目前投放市场的金钥匙，已有纯金、纯铜、纯银、铜合金、银渡金等不同质地、不同规格、不同包装的二十多种产品。近年来，丽江嘉和公司还把“金钥匙”作为一种对人的夸奖和评价，奖给那些能干的人和长寿的人。

[和志刚书斋]

和志刚是纳西族残疾人书法家，被誉为口书奇才。他的口书作品笔墨浑厚酣畅，独具“雄鹰折翅、志在蓝天”的风格。和志刚于1968年出生在丽江白沙古镇一户纳西农家，11岁时不慎触电，导致双臂高位截肢，但他人如其名，志坚毅刚，投入多于常人数倍的努力读完高中，同时用常人难以想象的毅力苦练书法，用嘴咬住笔杆，练出一“口”好书法。和志刚于20__年荣获“中国第十四届全国十大杰出青年”称号，位于古城东大街的“和志刚书斋”也被列为丽江市青少年教育基地。

[世界遗产丽江古城标志碑]

这座标志碑的整体造型以纳西族东巴文的“人”字为基础，碑上嵌着世界遗产徽记和纳西族神话传说中人类始祖的造像，突出“以人为本、创造历史”的寓意，体现“各族儿女与山河日月同辉”的主题。东巴经《崇搬图》中说，经过洪水浩劫之后，世间仅有崇忍利恩一人存活下来，后来他与天界仙女衬红褒白成婚，并从天上带着谷种、牛马，来到丽江过上农耕生活。衬红褒白生了三个儿子，长子说的是藏族话，次子说纳西话，三子说白族话，他们分别成了藏族、纳西族、白族的祖先。

游客们，今天我们跨过了古城的西河、中河、东河，不，我们跨过了上千年的时间隧道，从“清明上河图”中走了出来，即将汇入现代都市的车水马龙，希望丽江古城的小桥流水美景和丰富的民族文化给大家留下美好的记忆，也感谢大家对我工作的支持，谢谢大家。

丽江导游词4

丽江古城位于中国西南部云南省的丽江市，丽江古城又名大研镇，坐落在丽江坝中部，与同为第二批国家历史文化名城的四川阆中、山西平遥、安徽歙县并称为“保存最为完好的四大古城”大研古城是一座没有城墙的古城，光滑洁净的青石板路、完全手工建造的土木结构的房屋、无处不在的小桥流水。大研古城是一座具有浓烈人文气息的小城，明亮的阳光下，总会有步履缓慢的上了年纪的纳西老人悠闲地踱步，他们身着藏满历史的靛蓝色衣服，头戴红军时期的八角帽，对眼前身后猎奇的目光视而不见、不屑一顾。

丽江古城内的街道依山傍水修建，铺的大多都是红色角砾岩，雨季不会泥泞、旱季也不会飞灰，石上花纹图案自然雅致，与整个古城环境相得益彰。位于古城中心的四方街是丽江古城的中心，位于古城与新城交界处的大水车是丽江古城的标志，古城大水车旁有一块大屏幕，每日播放的歌曲即是古城最受欢迎最有特色的歌曲，其中《纳西净地》是较为出名的歌曲之一。

2023年直到英文(推荐)四

黄山，位于安徽省南部，地处皖南歙县、黟县和休宁县的边境。面积约1200平方公里，其中精粹风景区约154平方公里。这里，千峰竞秀，有奇峰72座，其中天都峰、莲花峰、光明顶都在海拔1800米以上，拔地极天，气势磅礴，雄姿灵秀。

黄山，中国十大风景名胜之一，90年被联合国教科文组织列入“世界文化与自然遣产”名录，蜚声中外，令世人神往。

黄山集名山之长，泰山之雄伟，华山之险峻，衡山之烟云，庐山之瀑，雁荡之巧石，峨嵋之秀丽，黄山无不兼而有之。明代旅行家、地理学家徐霞客两游黄山，赞叹说：“登黄山在下无山，观止矣!”又留下“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳”的美誉。

of all the notable mountains in china, mount huangshan, to be found in the south of anhui province, is probably the most famous. originally known as mt. yishan it was renamed mt. huangshan in 747 ad in recognition of the legendary huang di, who was the reputed ancestor of the chinese people and who made magic pills for immortality here.

wu yue is the collective name given to china's most important mountains, namely mt. taishan in shandong province, mt. huashan in shaanxi province, mt. hengshan in shanxi province, mt. songshan in henan province and mt. hengshan in hunan province. it is said that you won't want to visit any other mountains after seeing wu yue but you won't wish to see even wu yue after returning from mt. huangshan. this saying may give you some idea of the beauty and uniqueness of mt. huangshan. together with the yellow river, the yangtze river and the great wall, mt. huangshan has become one of the great symbols of china.

mt. huangshan can boast not only of its magnificence but also its abundant resources and great variety of zoological species, for which it has been listed as a world natural and cultural heritage site. 朋友们，你们好!现在我们已经到达黄山风景区南边重镇汤口。在这里先向诸位介绍一下黄山风景的概况。

黄山，位于中国安徽省南部，属中国南岭山脉的部分，全山面积约1200平方公里。黄山山系中段，是黄山的精华部分，也就我们要游览的黄山风景区，面积约154平方公里。它在黄山市境内，南邻歙县、徽州区、休宁县和黟县，北连黄山区;这五个县、区也都属于黄山市管辖。

黄山在中国唐代以前叫黟山，黟是黑样子，因为山上岩石多青黑青黑的，古人就给它起这样一名字。传说咱们中华族的先祖轩辕黄帝在完成中原统一在业、开创中华文明之后，来到这里采药炼丹，在温泉里洗澡，因而得道仙。唐朝著名的皇帝明皇李隆基非常相信这个说法，就在天宝六年(747年)下了一道诏书，将黟山改名黄山。意思是，这座山是黄帝的山。从那以后，黄山这个名字就一直到现在。

朋友们，你们不远千，甚至万里到这里，就要亲眼看一看黄山的美吗?不就是要感受一次人生快乐吗?是的，黄山是绝美绝美的，可说天第奇山，能够登临它，亲眼看看它，确实是人生的一大乐事。在很久很久前，在漫 长地质历史代，大自然的无穷力，塑造了黄山那绝美的风采和种种奇特的景观，令人倾倒，令人心醉。

在这里，我把黄山“四绝”分别作个介绍吧。

说起黄山“四绝”，排在第一的当是奇松。黄山松奇在什么地方呢?首先是奇在它无比顽强的生命力，凡有土的方就能出草木和庄稼，而黄松则是从坚硬的黄岗岩石里长出来的。黄山到处都生长着松树，它们长峰顶，长悬崖峭壁，长在深壑幽谷，郁郁葱葱，生机勃勃。千百年来，它们就是这样从岩石迸裂出来，根儿深深扎进岩石缝里，不怕贫瘠干旱，不怕风雷雨雪，潇潇洒洒，铁骨铮铮。你能说不奇吗?其次是，黄山松还奇在它那特有的天然造型。从总体来说，黄山松的针叶短粗稠密，叶色浓绿，枝干曲生，树冠扁平，显出一种朴实、稳健、雄浑的气势，而每一处松树，每一株松树，在长相、姿容、气韵上，又各各不同，都有一种奇特的美。人们根据它们的不同的形态和神韵，分别给它们起了贴切的自然而又典雅有趣的名字，如迎客松、黑虎松、卧龙松、龙爪松、探海松、团结松等等。它们是黄山奇松的代表。

怪石，是构成黄山胜景的又一“绝”。在黄山到处都可以看到奇形怪异的岩石，这些怪石的模样儿千差万别，有的像人，有的像物，有的有的反映了某些神话传说和历史故事，都活灵活现，生动有趣。在121处名石中，知名度更高一些的有“飞来石”、“仙人下棋”、“喜鹊登梅”、“猴子观海”、“仙人晒靴”、“蓬莱三岛”、“金鸡叫天门”等。这些怪石有的是庞然大物，有的奇巧玲珑;有的独立成景，有的是几个组合或同奇松巧妙结合成景。还些怪石因为观赏位置和角度变了，模样儿也就有了变化，成了一石二景，如“金鸡叫天门”又叫“五老上天都”，“喜鹊登梅”又叫“仙人指路”就是移步换景的缘故。也还有些怪厂，在不同条件下看，会产生不能的联想，因而也就有了不同的名字，如“猴子观海”又叫“猴子望太平”便是。

再说云海。虽然在中国其它名山也能看到云海，但没有一个能比得上黄山云海那样壮观和变幻无穷。大约就是这个缘故，黄山还有另外一个名字，叫“黄海”。这可不是妄称，是有历史为证的。明朝有位著名的史志学家叫潘之恒，在黄山住了几十年，写了一部60卷的大部头书--黄山山志，书名就叫《黄海》。黄山的一些景区、宾馆和众多景观的命名，都同这个特殊的“海”有关联，有些景观若在云海中观赏，就会显得更加真切，韵味也更足了。这些也都证明，“黄海”这个名字是名副其实的。

最后，介绍一下温泉。我们常讲的和游览的温泉是前山的黄山宾馆温泉，古时候又叫汤泉，从紫石峰涌出。用它命名的温泉景区，是进入黄山南大门后最先到达的景区。温泉水量充足，水温常年保持在42度左右，水质良好，并含有对人体有益的矿物质，有一定的医疗价值，对皮肤病，风湿病和消化系统的疾病，确有一定的疗效。但是只能浴，不能饮;过云说它可以饮用，是不科学的。

为人所不知的是黄山还有第五绝，那就是冬雪，轻盈的雪花纷纷扬扬，夹带着云雾，伴随着山风没在山恋上追逐，在深谷中飞腾。黄山骤然间换了模样，满目的苍绿不见了，到处朴树迷离，一切都是显得晶莹透亮。古人形容说：“一夜寒风起，万树银华开。”整个黄山宛如一个银色的世界，仿佛身处水晶宫。 除了“五绝”之外，黄山的瀑布、日出和晚霞，也是十分壮观和奇丽的。

friends, hello! now that we have arrived at the huangshan scenic area south of city of tangkou. here to give you some information about huangshan scenery's profile.

the yellow mountain, located in the southern part of anhui province, is part of the nanling mountains, china, the whole mountain area is about 1200 square kilometers. middle section of the huangshan mountains, are the best parts of the yellow mountain, we also want to visit huangshan scenic area, covering an area of about 154 square kilometers. it internally in huangshan city, south o she county, huizhou district, xiuning county and yixian county, north huangshan district; the five counties, districts are under the jurisdiction of huangshan city. huangshan in china before the tang dynasty named black mountain, black is black, blue black blue black rocks on the hill, the ancients gave it this name. legend of chinese ancestors emperor huangdi in the us following the completion of zhongyuan harmonized working, creating chinese civilization, came here to herb of immortality, bath in the hot springs, which attained the immortal. famous tang dynasty of emperor ming huang li long ji is believe it, in tempo, six years (747) under the edict, rename the black mountain huangshan. mean, this mountain is a mountain of yellow emperor. from then on, the name huangshan has been up to now.

friends, not far from thousands of you, even miles here, will do down and take a look at the beauty of huangshan? isn't it just to feel a life happy? yes, huangshan is a beautiful beautiful, can be said that the mountain of the day, be able to climb it, and see that it is indeed a great joy in life. in a long, long time ago, in a long geological history, nature's infinite force, shaped huangshan the exquisite elegance and all sorts of exotic landscapes, stunning, is enchanted.

here, i put the yellow mountain “four unique” respectively, made a presentation.

speaking of huangshan mountain “four”, ranked first was pine. huangshan songqi in what place? first of all, is singular in its strong vitality, where soil-vegetation and crops, and ponderosa are long out of the yellow gang of hard rock. huangshan pines everywhere, they peak, long cliffs, long in shenhe valley, lush and vibrant. for thousands of years, this is how they burst out from rock, root deep into the crevices of rocks, not afraid of marginal arid, without fear of rain and snow storm, selsun, tieguzhengzheng. can you say do not odd? secondly, huang shansong also singular in its unique natural style. in general, huang shansong conifer stubby dense, dark green leaf color, branches with curved, crown flat, showing a simple, robust, powerful and imposing, but every pine tree, each strain pine on the looks, sapling, and spirit, all different, there is a strange beauty. people according to their different patterns and romantic charm, respectively, give them appropriate natural and elegant and interesting names, such as welcoming pine, black tiger pine, pine pinus, dragon claw, in wolong research on korean pine pinus, unity, and so on. they are the

huangshan pine representatives.

stone, is constituted of scenery in huangshan mountain and a “must”. in huangshan everywhere you can see strange and odd-shaped rock, these stones vary, some people, some like, some of it reflects some myths and legends and historical stories, vivid, lively and interesting. stone at 121, the popularity of higher “flying stone”, “fairy play”, “magpie”, “sea monkey view”, “immortal sun boots”, “three penglai island” and “rooster call gate”.

these rocks have a behemoth, some of kit kat exquisite; separate scenes, sometimes combining several ingeniously combined with pine or king. some formations for viewing location and angle had changed, also changed, became a stone of the second king, such as the “golden rooster called heaven” also called the “five old god”, “magpie” also known as “fairy guide” is a moving account of the change of scenery. also had some strange plants, under different conditions, not lenovo, therefore has a different name, such as “sea monkey view” also known as “monkey wang taiping” is.

clouds again. although clouds can also see other mountains in china, but none can match the spectacular huangshan clouds and is constantly changing. about this, there is another name of huangshan, known as “yellow”. it's not in vain, there is historical evidence. famous shi zhixue called pan zhiheng of the ming dynasty, lived in huangshan mountain for decades, wrote a voluminous book of 60 volumes--huangshan mountain records, titles of the yellow sea.

huangshan scenic spots, hotels and many other landscape named with this special “sea” association, some landscape ornamental in the clouds, to be even more true, charm was also more. these have proved that the “yellow sea” that is worthy of the name.

finally, tell us about the hot springs. we often say, and before the tour of hot springs is the huangshan mountain hotel spa, in ancient times called tangquan, from purple pinnacle emission. named with its hot spring scenic spot, is the first to arrive after entering the southern gate of huangshan scenic spot. hot spring water is sufficient, water temperatures remained at about 42 degrees year-round, water well, and contains useful minerals for the human body, there are some medical value, skin diseases, rheumatism and diseases of the digestive system, does have a certain effect. but only bath, you cannot drink; said it is drinkable, is not science.

known unknown is a fifth of huangshan must, it's winter and snow, snowflakes swirl of light, clamp with mist, accompanied by the mountain breeze didn't love chasing the mountain, fly in a ravine. huangshan suddenly changed his appearance, land of pale green is gone, park trees everywhere blurred, everything is shining brilliantly. the ancients described: “one night, chilling trees yinhua opened. ”yellow mountain like a silver world as a whole, as if being in a crystal palace.

in addition to “land with five unique features”, the waterfall of the yellow mountain, sunrise and sunset, are spectacular and strange.

2023年直到英文(推荐)五

世界古老水利工程之一。位于四川省都江堰市，岷江中游。又称百大堰、犍尾堰、金堤等。始建于公元前250年,公元1335年正式命名为都江堰。现为中国重点文物保护单位。渠首在灌县境内，包括“鱼嘴”、“金刚堤”、“飞沙堰”和“宝瓶口” 4个主要工程和数以千计的渠道与分堰。岷江水流至玉垒山下时，被“鱼嘴”工程分成两股，南侧称外江，是岷江正流，以排泄洪水为主，兼有灌溉之利;北侧为内江，又称都江堰，长约160公里,以灌溉农田为主。其下游分汊为走马河、柏条河、蒲阳河等渠系。其中，走马河和柏条河的一部分尾水，在成都以南入府河后，再重返岷江正流。“鱼嘴”后面是由巨大的鹅卵石筑成的内外“金刚堤”，与“鱼嘴”连成一体，是分水工程的主要部分。“金刚堤”后是“飞沙堰”，以排洪排沙为主，使内江江水保持适当的水量。堰后即为离堆巨崖，崖下就是“宝瓶口”工程。都江堰是中国古代劳动人民利用成都平原上河流走向与等高线相垂直的天然地形条件而建造的。中华人民共和国成立后,对都江堰灌区工程进行了彻底改造和扩展,使灌区面积由原来的14县市，17.3万多公顷农田，迅速扩大到30县市，57.3万多公顷农田。

都江堰坐落于四川省都江堰市城西，位于成都平原西部的岷江上。都江堰水利工程建于公元前256年，是全世界迄今为止，年代最久、唯一留存、以无坝引水为特征的宏大水利工程。属全国重点文物保护单位。都江堰附近景色秀丽，文物古迹众多，主要有伏龙观、二王庙、安澜索桥、玉垒关、离堆公园、玉垒山公园和灵岩寺等。

都江堰水利工程由创建时的鱼嘴分水堤、飞沙堰溢洪道、宝瓶口引水口三大主体工程和百丈堤、人字堤等附属工程构成。科学地解决了江水自动分流、自动排沙、控制进水流量等问题，消除了水患，使川西平原成为“水旱从人”的“天府之国”。两千多年来，一直发挥着防洪灌溉作用。截至1998年，都江堰灌溉范围已达40余县，灌溉面积达到66.87万公顷。

鱼嘴是修建在江心的分水堤坝，把汹涌的岷江分隔成外江和内江，外江排洪，内江引水灌溉。飞沙堰起泻洪、排沙和调节水量的作用。宝瓶口控制进水流量，因口的形状如瓶颈，故称宝瓶口。内江水经过宝瓶口流入川西平原灌溉农田。从玉垒山截断的山丘部分，称为“离堆”。

都江堰水利工程充分利用当地西北高、东南低的地理条件，根据江河出山口处特殊的地形、水脉、水势，乘势利导，无坝引水，自流灌溉，使堤防、分水、泄洪、排沙、控流相互依存，共为体系，保证了防洪、灌溉、水运和社会用水综合效益的充分发挥。都江堰建成后，成都平原沃野千里，“水旱从人，不知饥馑，时无荒年，谓之天府”。四川的经济文化有很大发展。其最伟大之处是建堰两千多年来经久不衰，而且发挥着愈来愈大的效益。都江堰的创建，以不破坏自然资源，充分利用自然资源为人类服务为前提，变害为利，使人、地、水三者高度协调统一。

都江堰工程至今犹存，仍发挥着工作。随着科学技术的发展和灌区范围的扩大，从1936年开始，逐步改用混凝土浆砌卵石技术对渠首工程进行维修、加固，增加了部分水利设施，古堰的工程布局和“深淘滩、低作堰”，“乘势利导、因时制宜”，“遇湾截角、逢正抽心”等治水方略没有改变，都江堰水利工程成为世界最佳水资源利用的典范。水利专家仔细观看了整个工程的设计后，都对它的高度的科学水平惊叹不止。比如飞沙堰的设计就是很好地运用了回旋流的理论。这个堰，平时可以引水灌溉，洪水时则可以排水入外江，而且还有排砂石的作用，有时很大的石块也可以从堰上滚走。当时没有水泥，这么大的工程都是就地取材，用竹笼装卵石作堰，费用较省，效果显著。

都江堰这一带风景优美，有不少名胜古迹，又是一处十分理想的游览胜地。都江堰一带有二王庙、伏龙观、安澜索桥等名胜古迹。

二王庙位于岷江右岸的山坡上，前临都江堰，原为纪念蜀王的望帝祠，齐建武(公元494～498年)时改祀李冰父子，更名为“崇德祠”。宋代(公元960～1279年)以后，李冰父子相继被皇帝敕封为王，故而后人称之为“二王庙”。庙内主殿分别供有李冰父子的塑像，并珍藏有治水名言、诗人碑刻等。

伏龙观位于离堆公园内。传说李冰治水时曾在这里降服恶龙，现存殿宇三重，前殿正中立有东汉时期(公元25～220xx年)所雕的李冰石像。殿内还有东汉堰工石像、唐代金仙和玉真公主在青城山修道时的遗物——飞龙鼎。

安澜索桥又名“安澜桥”、“夫妻桥”。始建于宋代以前。位于都江堰鱼嘴之上，被誉为“中国古代五大桥梁”，是都江堰最具特征的景观。索桥以木排石墩承托，用粗竹缆横挂江面，上铺木板为桥面，两旁以竹索为栏，全长约500米。明末(公元17世纪)毁于战火。现在的桥为钢索混凝土桩。

都江堰不仅是举世闻名的中国古代水利工程，也是著名的风景名胜区。1982年，都江堰作为四川青城山-都江堰风景名胜区的重要组成部分，被国务院批准列入第一批国家级风景名胜区名单。20xx年5月8日，成都市青城山--都江堰旅游景区经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5a级旅游景区。

根据联合国《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》第一条第二款有关文化遗产定义的规定：“建筑物：从历史、艺术或科学角度看在建筑式样、分布均匀或与环境景色结合方面具有突出的普遍意义价值的单体或连接的建筑群”。都江堰水利工程以历史悠久、规模宏大、布局合理、运行科学，与环境和谐结合，在历史和科学方面具有突出的普遍价值，20xx年联合国世界遗产委员会第24届大会上都江堰被确定为世界文化遗产。

编辑本段名称由来

秦蜀郡太守李冰建堰初期，都江堰名称叫“湔堋”，这是因为都江堰旁的玉垒山，秦汉以前叫“湔山”，而那时都江堰周围的主要居住民族是氐羌人，他们把堰叫做“堋”，都江堰就叫“湔堋”。

三国蜀汉时期，都江堰地区设置都安县，因县得名，都江堰称“都安堰”。同时，又叫“金堤”，这是突出鱼嘴分水堤的作用，用堤代堰作名称。

唐代，都江堰改称为“楗尾堰”。因为当时用以筑堤的材料和办法，主要是“破竹为笼，圆径三尺，以石实中，累而壅水”，即用竹笼装石，称为“楗尾”。

直到宋代，在宋史中，才第一次提到都江堰：“永康军岁治都江堰，笼石蛇决江遏水，以灌数郡田。”

为什么称都江堰，都江是哪条江呢?《蜀水考》说：“府河，一名成都江，有二源，即郫江，流江也。”流江是检江的另一种称呼，成都平原上的府河即郫江，南河即检江，它们的上游，就是都江堰内江分流的柏条河和走马河。《括地志》说：“都江即成都江”。从宋代开始，把整个都江堰水利系统工程概括起来，叫都江堰，才较为准确地代表了整个水利工程系统，一直沿用至今。

one of the ancient water conservancy project in the world. is located in dujiangyan city, sichuan province, the middle reaches of minjiang river. also known as the one hundred big weir, weir jian tail, gold dike, etc. began in 250 bc, in 250 officially named the town of dujiangyan. now the capital of china's key cultural relics protection units. feeding in county territory, including the "fish mouth", "jin gangdi", "flying sand dam" and "baopingkou" four major projects and thousands of channels and weir. minjiang river water to which the foot, be "fish mouth" the project is pided into two shares, said the south river, minjiang river flow, is give priority to with flood discharge, both of the irrigation; the north inner river, also known as the town of dujiangyan, about 160 kilometers long, give priority to in order to irrigate their fields. its downstream branching for cook's river, baitiaohe, puyanghe canal system. among them, take up a part of the river and baitiaohe tail water, in the south of chengdu into fuhe, again to return to the minjiang river is flowing. "fish mouth" is followed by a huge against the pebbles "jin gangdi" inside and outside, it becomes an organic whole repeatedly with the "fish mouth", is the main part of the water persion project. "jin gangdi" is "flying sand dam", give priority to with having desilting, keep the neijiang river water appropriately. after the weir is away from the pile of huge cliff, the cliff is "baopingkou" project. dujiangyan is the ancient working people use on the chengdu plain river to a natural terrain conditions and perpendicular to the contour is built. after the founding of the people's republic of china, to reinvent the dujiangyan irrigation project and expand, make irrigation area by 14 counties and cities, more than 173000 hectares of farmland, rapidly expanding to 30 counties and cities, more than 573000 hectares of farmland.

dujiangyan is located in the west of dujiangyan city, sichuan province, is located in the minjiang river in the west of the chengdu plain. dujiangyan water conservancy project was built in 256 bc, is so far, all over the world s most long, the only thing left, is characterized by no dam persion of water conservancy projects. is a national key cultural relics protection units. near dujiangyan, beautiful scenery and numerous cultural relics, there are mainly fulong view, the two kings temple, peaceful bridge, which, from the pile of park, which mountain park and lingyan temple, etc.

the dujiangyan irrigation project by the creation of yuzui water-piding dike, fly sand dam spillway, baopingkou irrigating gate three main engineering and baizhang dike, herringbone dam and other accessory works. scientifically solved the automatic water distributary and desilting, control the water flow, flood, eliminates the make western sichuan plain "severe" from the man's "land of abundance". more than two thousand years, has played a flood control and irrigation. by 1998, dujiangyan irrigation area has reached more than 40 counties, irrigated area of 668700 hectares.

fish mouth is built in jiangxin water dam, the minjiang river surge is pided into outer and neijiang, jiang outside having, jiang baopingkou water persion irrigation. fly sand dam up xie hong, desilting and adjust the action of water. baopingkou control water flow, the shape of the mouth for such as bottlenecks, therefore calls baopingkou. in the river after baopingkou into the western sichuan plain irrigation farmland. from the hills hill part of truncation, which is called "from the heap.

dujiangyan water conservancy project makes full use of local geographical conditions of high northwest, southeast low, according to the mountain rivers in special terrain, water vein, water potential, return pattern, no dam persion, gravity irrigation, the embankment, water, water, sand, curtains on interdependence, for system, to ensure the water flood control, irrigation, water transportation and social comprehensive benefits into full play. after the completion of dujiangyan, the chengdu plain lies thousands of miles, " from people, do not know famine, when no famine," tianfu ". culture has a great development of the economy in sichuan province. its greatest dam was built two thousand years enduring, and it plays a more and more big. dujiangyan to create, in order to does not destroy the natural resources, make full use of natural resources for human services for the premise, change for profit, make the person, the land, water three highly harmonious and unified.

dujiangyan project remain, so far still plays a job. with the enlargement of the scope of the development of science and technology and irrigation area, begin from 1936, gradually switch to slurry concrete build by laying bricks or stones pebble technology of ancient project for repair, reinforcement, add some of the water conservancy facilities, the engineering layout and ancient weir are crowded "deep, low weir tao beach", "return pattern, since the", "cutting angle, every heart is pumping in bay" and other valuable hasn't changed, dujiangyan water conservancy project to become the world's best model of water resource utilization. water conservancy experts, after carefully watched the whole project design of its height more than the scientific level of marvel. such as sand weir design is a good use of the theory of swirling flow. the weir, at ordinary times can be irrigated, flooding can drain into the river, but also the role of sand and gravel, sometimes big stones can roll away from the weir. there were no cement, for such a big engineering is use local materials, using bamboo cages packed pebble as weir, expenses in province, effect is remarkable.

dujiangyan scenic in this area, there are many places of interest, it is an ideal tourist attraction. dujiangyan one with two kings temple, fulong view, peaceful bridge such as places of historic interest.

two kings temple is located in minjiang river right bank slopes, the former in dujiangyan, a former memory of the king of shu emperor temple, jijianwu (a.d. 494-498) when the change of si bing and his son, renamed the "chong de temple". after the song dynasty (960-1279), emperor bing and his son have been chifeng is king, so be called "two kings temple". temple main respectively for the statue of bing and his son, and treasure water conservancy quotes, poet inscriptions, and so on.

fulong view the heap of the park. legend bing water conservancy were here when the surrender dragon, existing triple temple and qiandian are neutral during the eastern han dynasty (25-220 ad) the bing stone carving. inside and weir work statues of the eastern han dynasty, tang dynasty jin xian and princess yuzhen relic - fly long ding when qingcheng mountain monastery.

peaceful bridges also known as "peaceful bridge", "bridge". was built in the song dynasty. in dujiangyan, fish mouth, is known as "five bridges" in ancient china, is the most typical landscape of dujiangyan. bridge to raft stone retainer, hanging from a thick bamboo cable cross river on board for the deck, on both sides with bamboo rope to bar, total length of about 500 meters. the late ming dynasty (17th century ad) was destroyed by fire. now the bridge concrete pile for cable.

is not only a world-famous dujiangyan water conservancy project in ancient china, is also a famous scenic spot. in 1982, dujiangyan, sichuan qingcheng mountain - dujiangyan scenic area as an important part of it was approved by the state council listed in the first list of state-level scenic spots. on may 8, 20xx, chengdu - dujiangyan qingcheng mountain scenic spots by the national tourism administration approval for the state 5 a-class tourist scenic spot.

according to the un convention on the protection of world cultural and natural heritage the second paragraph of article 1 of the regulations on cultural heritage definition: "building: from the historical, artistic or scientific perspective in architecture, distributed evenly, or combined with environment landscape has outstanding universal value of monomer or connection of buildings". dujiangyan water conservancy engineering with a long history, large-scale, layout reasonable, scientific operation, combination, in harmony with the environment in history and science has outstanding universal value, in 20xx the united nations conference on the world heritage committee the 24th dujiangyan was identified as the world cultural heritage.

edit this section name origin

early qin shu satrap li bingjian weir, the dujiangyan name call "jian which", this is because the dujiangyan which near the mountain, qin and han dynasties ago called "jian mountain", and then the dujiangyan di qiang is the main living national people around, they called the dam "which", dujiangyan is called "jian which".

three kingdoms period, dujiangyan area set douan map, because the county is named, dujiangyan said "float weir. at the same time, also called "bank of gold", it is highlight the role of yuzui water-piding dike, name generation embankment dam.

the tang dynasty, dujiangyan renamed "jian tail dam". because at that time to the embankment material and method, main is "cut for bamboo cage, three feet, circle diameter to shi shi, tired and backwater", which uses bamboo cages with stone, known as the "jian tail".

until the song dynasty, in the highly, dujiangyan first mentioned: "yongkang army at the age of dujiangyan, stone cage snake river stem water, with several county irrigation."

why said dujiangyan, what's the doujiang jiang? "shu water test" said: "fuhe, chengdu, a river, there are two source, namely pi river, flow jiang also." flow is another call check jiang, jiang on the chengdu plain fuhe pi river, south river river, namely their upstream, dujiangyan is neijiang shunt baitiaohe and take up the river. "including topography," said: "doujiang chengdu river". since the song dynasty, the whole project in summary, the dujiangyan irrigation system called dujiangyan, to more accurately represent the entire system of water conservancy projects, has been in use today.

2023年直到英文(推荐)六

the road not taken

未选择的路

two roads perged in a yellow wood,

黄色的树林里分出两条路，

and sorry i could not travel both

可惜我不能同时去涉足，

and be one traveler, long i stood

我向那路口久久伫立，

and looked down one as far as i could

我向着一条路极目望去，

to where it bent in the undergrowth;

直到它消失在丛林深处。

then took the other, as just as fair,

但我却选了另外一条路，

and having perhaps the better claim,

它荒草萋葵.十分幽寂，

because it was grassy and wanted wear;

显得更诱人，更美丽：

though as for that the passing there

虽然在这条小路上，

had worn them really about the same,

很少留下旅人的足迹。

and both that morning equally lay

那天清晨落叶满地，

in leaves no step had trodden black.

两条路都未经脚印污染。

oh, i kept the first for another day!

啊，留下一条路等改日再见!

yet knowing how way leads on to way,

但我知道路径延绵无尽头，

i doubted if i should ever come back.

恐怕我准以再回返。

i shall be telling this with a sigh

也许多少年后在某个地方，

somewhere ages and ages hence:

我将轻声叹息将往事回顾：

two roads perged in a wood, and i,

一片树林里分出两条路--

i took the one less traveled by,

而我选择了人迹更少的一条

and that has made all the difference.

从此决定了我一生的道路。

2023年直到英文(推荐)七

sweetheart，

my thoughts are deep into you

from the moment that i wake up

and to the whole day through

happy valentines day

亲爱的，

我深深地想念著你，

从我每一天早上起来的那一刻起，

每一分每一秒直到一天结束

情人节欢乐！

2023年直到英文(推荐)八

if i could save time in a bottle

the first thing that id like to do

is to save every day until eternity passes away

just to spend them with you

if i could make days last forever

if words could make wishes e true

id save every day like a treasure and then

again i would spend them with you

如果我能把时光存入一个瓶子，

我要作的第一件事就是，

把每一天都存下来直到永恒，

再和你一齐慢慢度过

如果我能把时光化作永恒，

如果我的愿望能一一成真，

我会把每一天都像宝贝一样存起来，

再和你一齐慢慢度过

2023年直到英文(推荐)九

1

she walks in beauty by lord byron

《她在美中徜徉》拜伦

这首诗常被用在西方婚礼发言中

经典段落：

she walks in beauty， like the night

她走在美的光彩中，像夜晚

of cloudless climes and starry skies

皎洁无云并且繁星漫天；

and all thats best of dark and bright

黑夜与白天最美妙的色彩；

meet in her aspect and her eyes

都在她的面容和目光里显现

2

sonnet 116 by william shakespeare(1564 -1616)

《十四行诗之116》莎士比亚

这首可能是英语世界最经典

最广为人知的英语感情诗了

经典段落：

love alters not with his brief hours and weeks

沧桑轮回，爱却长生不改，

but bears it out even to the edge of doom

爱恒久坚定，直到末日的尽头，

if this be error and upon me proved

假如有人能证明我说的不实，

i never writ， nor no man ever loved

那就算我从未写诗，世人也从未爱过

3

i loved you first: but afterwards your love by christina rossetti

《虽然我先爱你》罗塞蒂

经典段落：

i loved you first， but afterwards your love outsoaring mine

虽然我先爱你，但之后你的爱却超越了我，

for one is both and both are one in love

因为真爱不分你我，

rich love knows nought of ‘thine that is not mine

丰盛的爱不分彼此；

both have the strength and both the length thereof

所以我们才有力量走向永恒，

both of us， of the love which makes us one

你和我，因为爱，成为一体

4

a glimpse by walt whitman

《人群中，多看了你一眼》惠特曼

经典段落：

a long while amid the noises of ing and going，

过了许久，在喧扰的人来人往中，

of drinking and oath and smutty jest，

在酒吧喧闹的噪声、宣言和粗俗的玩笑声中，

there we two， content， happy in being together，

我们俩，知足、欢乐地坐在一齐，

speaking little， perhaps not a word

说的很少，似乎什么都没说

5

annabel lee by edgar allan poe

《安娜贝尔李》埃德加·爱伦·坡

经典段落：

it was many and many a year ago， in a kingdom by the sea，

很久很久以前，在一个海边的王国，

that a maiden there lived whom you may know by the name of annabel lee

住着一位姑娘，叫安娜贝尔李，

and this maiden she lived with no other thought than to love and be loved by me

这位姑娘来到世上，只因来爱我、和被我珍爱

6

loves philosophy by percy bysshe shelley

《爱的哲学》雪莱

经典段落：

and the sunlight clasps the earth， and the moonbeams kiss the sea;

日光拥抱地球，月光亲吻海洋；

what are all these kissings worth， if thou kiss not me

但这些亲吻又有何用，若你亲吻的不是我

7

bright star by john keats

《灿烂星辰》济慈

经典段落：

bright star， would i were steadfast as thou art

灿烂的星辰，但愿我能坚定如你，

not in lone splendour hung aloft the night， and watching， with eternal lids apart

但并非孤独地在夜空闪烁高悬，睁着一双永不合拢的眼睛

8

the rose in the deeps of his heart by william butler yeats

《他内心最深处的一朵玫瑰》叶芝

经典段落：

with the earth and the sky and the water，

大地、天空、海洋

remade， like a casket of gold

被重新铸造，犹如一桶黄金

for my dreams of your image that blossoms

正如你在我梦里的样貌

a rose in the deeps of my heart

犹如一朵玫瑰，绽放在我内心最深处

9

a red red rose by robert burns

《一朵红红的玫瑰》彭斯

经典段落：

o my love is like a red， red rose

我的爱人像一朵红色的玫瑰，

thats newly sprung in june;

在六月里迎风初开，

o my love is like the melody

我的爱人像一首甜美的旋律，

thats sweetly played in tune

优美和谐地吟唱

10

the first kiss of love by lord byron

《第一个吻》拜伦

经典段落：

when age chills the blood， when our pleasures are past

当岁月让热血冷却，让欢乐远去；

for years fleet away with the wings of the dove

年月就像白鸽的翅膀般飞走

the dearest remembrance will still be the last

然而，最深切的记忆则会永存，

our sweetest memorial the first kiss of love

我们最甜蜜的记忆，那最初的一吻

2023年直到英文(推荐)十

【1】rain雨

rain is falling all around， 雨儿在到处降落，

it falls on field and tree， 它落在田野和树梢，

it rains on the umbrella here， 它落在这边的雨伞上，

and on the ships at sea 又落在航行海上的船只

by r l stevenson， 1850-1894

【2】the star 星星

(1)

twinkle， twinkle， little star! 闪耀，闪耀，小星星!

how i wonder what you are， 我想明白你身形，

up above the world so high， 高高挂在天空中，

like a diamond in the sky 就像天上的钻石

(2)

when the blazing sun is gone， 灿烂太阳已西沉，

when he nothing shines upon， 它已不再照万物，

then you show your little light， 你就显露些微光，

twinkle， twinkle all the night 整个晚上眨眼睛

(3)

the dark blue sky you keep 留恋漆黑的天空

and often thro my curtains peep， 穿过窗帘向我望，

for you never shut your eye 永不闭上你眼睛

till the sun is in the sky 直到太阳又现形

(4)

tis your bright and tiny spark 你这微亮的火星，

lights the traveler in the dark; 黑夜照耀着游人，

though i know not what you are 虽我不知你身形，

twinkle， twinkle， little star! 闪耀，闪耀，小星星!

by jane taylor， 1783-1824

【3】o sailor， come ashore啊!水手，上岸吧

(part i)

o sailor， e ashore 啊!水手，上岸吧

what have you brought for me? 你给我带来什么?

red coral ， white coral， 海里的珊瑚，

coral from the sea 红的，白的

(part ii)

i did not dig it from the ground 它不是我从地下挖的，

nor pluck it from a tree; 也不是从树上摘的;

feeble insects made it 它是暴风雨的海裹

in the stormy sea 弱小昆虫做成的

by c g rossetti

【4】the wind风

(part i)

who has seen the wind? 谁曾见过风的面貌?

neither i nor you; 谁也没见过，不论你或我;

but when the leaves hang trembling， 但在树叶震动之际，

the wind is passing through 风正从那里吹过

(part ii)

who has seen the wind? 谁曾见过风的面孔?

neither you nor i; 谁也没见过，不论你或我;

but when the trees bow down their heads， 但在树梢低垂之际，

the wind is passing by 风正从那里经过

～by c g rossetti

另一首诗人的.风之歌

o wind ， why do you never rest， 风啊!为何你永不休止

wandering， whistling to and fro， 来来回回的漂泊，呼啸

bring rain out of the west， 从西方带来了雨

from the dim north bringing snow? 从蒙眬的北方带来了雪

【5】the cuckoo布谷鸟

in april， 四月里，

come he will， 它就来了，

in may， 五月里，

sing all day， 整天吟唱多逍遥，

in june， 六月里，

change his tune， 它在改变曲调，

in july， 七月里，

prepare to fly， 准备飞翔，

in august， 八月里，

go he must! 它就得离去了!

～by mother gooses nursery rhyme

【6】colors颜色

what is pink? a rose is pink 什么是粉红色?

by the fountains brink 喷泉边的玫瑰就是粉红色

what is red? a poppys red 什么是艳红色?

in its barley bed 在大麦床里的花就是艳红色

what is blue? the sky is blue 什么是蔚蓝色?天空就是蔚蓝色，

where the clouds float thro 云朵飘过其间

what is white? a swan is white 什么是白色?

sailing in the light 阳光下嬉水的天鹅就是白色

what is yellow? pears are yellow， 什么是黄色?梨儿就是黄色，

rich and ripe and mellow 熟透且多汁

what is green? the grass is green， 什么是绿色?草就是绿色，

with small flowers between 小花掺杂其间

what is violet? clouds are violet 什么是紫色?夏日夕阳里的

in the summer twilight 彩霞就是紫色

what is orange? why， an orange， 什么是橘色?当然啦!

just an orange! 橘子就是橘色

by c g rossetti

【7】a house of cards 纸牌堆成的房子

(1)

a house of cards 纸牌堆成的房子

is neat and small; 洁净及小巧

shake the table， 摇摇桌子

it must fall 它必须会倒

(2)

find the court cards 找出绘有人像的纸牌

one by one; 一张一张地竖起

raise it， roof it，---- 再加上顶盖

now its done;---- 此刻房子已经盖好

shake the table! 摇摇桌子

thats the fun 那就是它的乐趣

by c g rossetti

【8】what does little birdie say?

(1)

what does little birdie say， 小鸟说些什么呢?

in her nest at peep of day? 在这黎明初晓的小巢中?

let me fly， says little birdie， 小鸟说，让我飞，

mother， let me fly away， 妈妈，让我飞走吧

birdie， rest a little longer， 宝贝，稍留久一会儿，

till the little wings are stronger 等到那对小翅膀再长硬些儿

so she rests a little longer， 所以它又多留了一会儿，

then she flies away 然而它还是飞走了

(2)

what does little baby say， 婴儿说些什么，

in her bed at peep of day? 在破晓时分的床上?

baby says， like little birdie， 婴儿像小鸟那样说，

let me rise and fly away 让我起来飞走吧

baby， sleep a little longer， 乖乖，稍微多睡一会儿，

till the little limbs are stronger 等你的四肢再长硬点儿

if she sleeps a little longer， 如果她再多睡一会儿，

baby too shall fly away 婴儿必然也会像鸟儿一样地飞走

by alfred tennyson， 1809-1892

【9】at the seaside 海边

(1)

when i was down beside the sea 当我到海边时

a wooden spade they gave to me 他们给了我一把木铲

to dig the sandy shore 好去挖掘沙滩

(2)

the holes were empty like a cup 挖成像杯状般的空洞

in every hole the sea camp up， 让每个洞中的海水涌现

till it could e no more 直到它不能再涌现

by r l stevenson

【10】what does the bee do?

what does the bee do? 蜜蜂做些什么?

bring home honey 把蜂蜜带回家

and what does father do? 父亲做些什么?

bring home money 把钱带回家

and what does mother do? 母亲做些什么?

lay out the money 把钱用光

and what does baby do?婴儿做些什么?

eat up the honey 把蜜吃光

by c g rossetti， 1830-1894